Equilibrium I Flashcards
What is meant by a dynamic equilibrium?
The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backwards reaction
The concentrations of reactants and products remain the same (constant)
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
The position of equilibrium will shift to counter act a change in conditions
What are the effects of an increase in concentration on equilibrium?
Equilibrium shifts to the right to reduce the effect of increase in the concentration of a reactant
What are the effects of a decrease in concentration on equilibrium?
Equilibrium shifts to the left to reduce the effect of a decrease in reactant
What are the effects of an increase in pressure on equilibrium?
Equilibrium shifts in the direction that produces the smaller number of molecules of gas to decrease the pressure again
What are the effects of a decrease in pressure on equilibrium?
Equilibrium shifts in the direction that produces the larger number of molecules of gas to increase the pressure again
What are the effects of an increase in temperature on equilibrium?
Equilibrium moves in the endothermic direction to reverse the change
What are the effects of a decrease in temperature on equilibrium?
Equilibrium moves in the exothermic direction to reverse the change
What is the Haber process?
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
Why do industries need to compromise for a reasonable yield?
- Financial and profit considerations
- Energy and environmental considerations
- Health and safety considerations
What is a compromise solution?
Temp: low enough for a reasonable yield but HIGH enough for a fast reaction
Pressure: low enough to not need expensive reinforced apparatus but HIGH enough to give a reasonable yield
How do we calculate Kc?
Kc = [C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b
What does the value of Kc mean?
Measure of the position of equilibrium.
If the value of Kc is greater than 1, this tells us that the position of equilibrium is to the right (more products). Whereas if it is less than 1, this tells us that the position of equilibrium is further over to the left (more reactants)
