Equine 11th semester 2

Question 1

Rhinitis in horse, reasons:

Strangles, satratoxicosis, smoke-, dust inhalation

Horse flu, fusariotoxicosis, gasterophilus larvae

Strangles, fumonisin toxicosis, hypoderma larvas

Answer 1

Strangles, satratoxicosis, smoke-, dust inhalation

Question 2

Ethmoid haematoma:

Haematoma in region of nose or ethmoid, slow progression, nasal stridor, angiomatic tissue growth

Haematoma in sphenoid bone, unilateral nasal discharge, nervous symtoms

Haematoma in sphenoid bone, bilateral purulent nasal discharge, progressing in weeks

Answer 2

Haematoma in region of nose or ethmoid, slow progression, nasal stridor, angiomatic tissue growth

Question 3

Maxillary sinusitis reasons in horse:

Rhinitis, trauma, sedentation of parasitic larvae

Strangles, purulent periodontitis, rhinitis

Infectious artheritis, gasterophilus, strangles

Answer 3

Strangles, purulent periodontitis, rhinitis

Question 4

Yellow fat disease and steatosis treatment and prevention:

a) High energy/carbohydrate food, Se and E-vitamin replacement, analgesics

b) Liver protective therapy, glucose infusions, analgesics

c) Food rich in fibre, analgesics, spasmolytics, physiotherapy

Answer 4

a) High energy/carbohydrate food, Se and E-vitamin replacement, analgesics

Question 5

Yellow fat disease and steatosis symptoms:

a) Muscle weakness, gradually slowing movement, SC oedema, painful movement of neck.

b) Skin discoloured into yellow; yellow, palpable, sensitive swellings on the head + neck

c) Muscle weakness, foal paralysis, painful movement of the head and neck, painful swellings on the neck

Answer 5

c) Muscle weakness, foal paralysis, painful movement of the head and neck, painful swellings on the neck

Question 6

Maxillary sinusitis symptoms:

Nasal discharge on both sides which is haemorrhagic and purulent, facial deformation/pain, dyspnoe

Haemorrhagic discharge with debris on both sides during lowering of head, maxillary pain, salivation

Single side nasal discharge, region of maxillary pain, deformation

Answer 6

Single side nasal discharge, region of maxillary pain, deformation

Question 7

Guttural pouch tympany causes:

Congenital, a plica salpingopharyngea hypertrophy, air-outflow blocked

Hereditary, plica nsopharyngealis immaturity, intense air inflow into guttural pouches

Tumescence of plica nasopharyngealis, consequence of strangles, hypertrophy of guttural pouches

Answer 7

Congenital, a plica salpingopharyngea hypertrophy, air-outflow blocked

Question 8

Yellow fat disease and steatosis pathogenesis:

a) Fat degeneration and steatitis because of Fe- and E-vitamin deficiency, Fe- and/or Se- deficient nutrition, formation of glutathione-peroxidase decr

b) Lesions of adipocytes because of fatty acid peroxidases at the embryonic stage, Se or E-vitamin deficiency, food rich in peroxidases

c) In areas lacking Se, without Fe-replacement in case of dominance of oxiperoxidases: adipocytes degeneration and necrosis

Answer 8

b) Lesions of adipocytes because of fatty acid peroxidases at the embryonic stage, Se or E-vitamin deficiency, food rich in peroxidases

Question 9

Guttural pouch tympany symtoms:

Ballooning/pain of region of guttural pouches, dyspnea, regurgitation

Ballooning, of region of guttural pouches, tympanic percussion sound, paroxysmal cough

Ballooning/palpation sensitivity of region of guttural pouches, incomplete dullness percussion sound, dysphagia

Answer 9

Ballooning, of region of guttural pouches, tympanic percussion sound, paroxysmal cough

Question 10

Guttural pouch inflammation causes:

Infection through Wilson-duct, -with spread over, caused by anaerob bacteria

Infection through Stenon-tunnel, consequence of strangles, caused by mycotic disease

Infection through Eustachion tube, or with spread over, caused by bacteria or mycotic disease

Answer 10

Infection through Eustachion tube, or with spread over, caused by bacteria or mycotic disease

Question 11

Yellow fat disease and steatosis horse :

a) Fat tissue discoloration, degeneration, and steatitis mainly in pony foals

b) Yellow discoloration of SC fat tissue in overfed horses. Icterus, swelling in the fat tissue.

c) In lg breed, fat horses. Yellow swellings in the skin, formation of increments, icterus

Answer 11

a) Fat tissue discoloration, degeneration, and steatitis mainly in pony foals

Question 12

Hyperlipaemia of mares prevention and prognosis:

a) Suitable management and nutrition, avoid exercise during pregnancy. Reacts good to therapy.

b) Good nutrition during pregnancy, vitamin supplementation. It is mostly favourable without treatment.

c) Avoid fattening during pregnancy, avoid stress and predisposing diseases. Therapy is often ineffective, high death risk.

Answer 12

c) Avoid fattening during pregnancy, avoid stress and predisposing diseases. Therapy is often ineffective, high death risk.

Question 13

Guttural pouch inflammation symptoms:

During lowering of head purulent nasal discharge, ballooning of region of parotis, complications of nervous system

Consistent, hemorrhagic, purulent nasal discharge, tumescence in the throat, extension of the head, head tilt, proprioceptional disorder

Single side nasal discharge, sore tumescence in the sulcus jugularis, swallowing disorder

Answer 13

During lowering of head purulent nasal discharge, ballooning of region of parotis, complications of nervous system

Question 14

Hyperlipaemia of mares treatment:

a) Antispasmodic/sedatives, in case of colic: walking, high energy nutrition, infusion several times

b) Stall rest, 4h long drip infusion/Ringer solution + glucose, artificial nutrition, liver protective therapy

c) Gentle treatment, regular walking, glucose infusion several times, insulin, heparin

Answer 14

b) Stall rest, 4h long drip infusion/Ringer solution + glucose, artificial nutrition, liver protective therapy

Question 15

Dorsal displacement of the soft palate symptoms:

Exercise intolerance, sounds during expiration, diagnose in necrotized condition via endoscope

Don’t cause exercise intolerance, sounds during expiration, diagnose in submaximal load via endoscope

Cause exercise intolerance, sounds during expiration, diagnose in submaximal load via endoscope

Answer 15

Cause exercise intolerance, sounds during expiration, diagnose in submaximal load via endoscope

Question 16

Hyperlipaemia of mares symptoms:

a) Colic –> weakness, hepatocerebral syndrome, lipermic plasma

b) Colic, fever, icterus, weakness, disturbed plasma

c) Lack of appetite, diarrhea, icterus, nervous signs, bloody-disturbed plasma

Answer 16

a) Colic –> weakness, hepatocerebral syndrome, lipermic plasma

(Fra PPT: Depression, anorexia, colic, lethargy, abnormal gait, hepatoencephalopathy (coma), recumbency, death)

Question 17

Tracheal collapse:

Disease of ponies

Congenital disease

In big horses

Answer 17

Disease of ponies

Question 18

Hyperlipaemia of mares pathogenesis:

a) In draft mares, pregnancy, physical overload, malnutrition

b) Idiopathic disposition, low energy nutrition, in the last trimester of pregnancy, wasting disease

c) Breed disposition, pregnancy, obesity, stress, anorexia

Answer 18

c) Breed disposition, pregnancy, obesity, stress, anorexia

Question 19

Laryngeal hemiplegia causes:

Idiopathic, common in carthorse, frequent occurrence in paryngo-laryngitis

Hereditary, in rhinopneumonitis, idiopathic distal axonopathy,

Hereditary in Arabian horses, n. vagus nucleus trauma, idiopathic

Answer 19

Hereditary, in rhinopneumonitis, idiopathic distal axonopathy,

Question 20

Hyperlipaemia of mares occurrence:

a) Lipemic blood plasma is a symptom characteristic of a metabolic disease of Arabian mares, which occurs often after exercise

b) In this serious metabolic disease, that occurs mainly in mares before parturition, hyperlipaemia is the main symptom, blood triglyceride >5-6mmol/L

c) The around parturition often occurring lipidaemia is a symptom suggesting hepatopathy

Answer 20

b) In this serious metabolic disease, that occurs mainly in mares before parturition, hyperlipaemia is the main symptom, blood triglyceride >5-6mmol/L

Question 21

Thrombophlebitis prevention in horse:

a) In case of several IV injections rotating, using correct IV catheter, heparin flush through the catheter

b) Compliance with the regulation of IV application, catheter sterilization/heparin, we do not ive tissue-irritant materials IV

c) Keep the asepsis, applicating tissue irritant material to the vein is allowed only when also use heparin, use vein needle as thin as possible

Answer 21

a) In case of several IV injections rotating, using correct IV catheter, heparin flush through the catheter

Question 22

Laryngeal hemiplegia symptoms:

During inspiration beep sound-rattle, dyspnea, swallowing disorder

During expiration beep sound-rattle, expiration dyspnea, sore swelling of muscles of larynx

During inspiration stridor laryngis, fremitus laryngitis, barren larynx

Answer 22

During inspiration stridor laryngis, fremitus laryngitis, barren larynx

Question 23

Thrombophlebitis therapy in horse:

a) Locally: ice packing, parenteral: prednisolone, ABs, operation: phlebotomy

b) Locally: iodine paste, parenteral: NSAID-drugs, ABs, operation, phlebotomy

c) Locally: prednisolone-paste, parenteral: heparin, ABs, operation: phlebotomy, transplantation from v. femoralis

Answer 23

c) Locally: prednisolone-paste, parenteral: heparin, ABs, operation: phlebotomy, transplantation from v. femoralis

Question 24

Laryngeal hemiplegia diagnosis:

Endurance test, endoscope, “slap” test

Keeping horse stopped, US exam, endoscope

Endurance test, larynx x-ray, “slap” test

Answer 24

Endurance test, endoscope, “slap” test

Question 25

Haemorrhagic purpura treatment: a) NSAID treatment, transfusion, isotonic infusion, ABs b) Glucocorticoid treatment, transfusion, infusion of glucose, heparin c) Treatment of purulent process (abscess), dexamethasone, blood plasma IV, ABs to treat the original matter

Answer 25

c) Treatment of purulent process (abscess), dexamethasone, blood plasma IV, ABs to treat the original matter

Question 26

First symptoms of haemorrhagic purpura, localisation: a) Glottis, conjunctiva b) Internal nasal wings, lips c) Mucosa of the praeputium, outer genital organs

Answer 26

b) Internal nasal wings, lips

Question 27

Laryngeal oedema causes: Allergy, pneumony, bee-sting Laryngitis, hemorrhagic purpura, insect-sting Hemorrhagic purpura, laryngeal paralysis, lead poisoning

Answer 27

Laryngitis, hemorrhagic purpura, insect-sting

Question 28

Haemorrhagic purpura symptoms: a) Haemorrhages, haematomas, “elephant leg”, “hippo head”, hypovolaemia b) Haemorrhages in the mucous membranes, skin oedema, oedema of the head, leg, ventral abdominal hypoproteinemia c) Urticaria, haemorrhages, exsudation under the skin and in coelomae, hypovolaemic shock

Answer 28

b) Haemorrhages in the mucous membranes, skin oedema, oedema of the head, leg, ventral abdominal hypoproteinemia

Question 29

Laryngeal oedema treatment Prednisolone, laryngotomy, metronisazole Laryngotomy, prednisolone, bromhexine inj Prednisolone, tracheotomy, antihistamines

Answer 29

Prednisolone, tracheotomy, antihistamines

Question 30

COPD diagnosis, complementary examination TTL, atropine test, resp function exam, thorax x-ray BAL-neutrophil %, atropine test, resp function exam, endoscopy BAL and TTL-eosinophil %, thorax supersonic wave, lobelin test

Answer 30

BAL-neutrophil %, atropine test, resp function exam, endoscopy

Question 31

COPD incidence: In older, stalled horses, giving mouldy hay In free keeping horses, in hard working horses In hereditary dispositional foals or horses

Answer 31

In older, stalled horses, giving mouldy hay

Question 32

Haemorrhagic purpura causes: a) Immune complex production in chronic purulent processes --> immune-originated vasculitis --> plasma and blood outflow b) Immune disease in horses after viral infections immune complex forming --> immune-originated vasculitis --> plasma and blood outflow c) Autoimmune disease, immune complex formation --> vasculitis of autoimmune origin --> plasma and blood outflow

Answer 32

a) Immune complex production in chronic purulent processes --> immune-originated vasculitis --> plasma and blood outflow

Question 33

Congenital coagulopathies in horses: a) Haemophilia-A and –B, in stallions; von Willebrand disease: recessive inheritance, in mares b) Haemophilia B: Belgian horses and ponies; von Willebrand disease: symptoms in elderly horses c) Haemophilia-A: recessively inherited in stallions; von Willebrand-disease: recessively inherited, independent from sex

Answer 33

c) Haemophilia-A: recessively inherited in stallions; von Willebrand-disease: recessively inherited, independent from sex

Question 34

COPD etiology: Hereditary disposition, bacterial, viral bronchitis, race Inspiration allergen (Micropolyspora faeni, Aspergillus spore), genetic predisposition Allergic or bacterial resp disease hyperactivity

Answer 34

Inspiration allergen (Micropolyspora faeni, Aspergillus spore), genetic predisposition

Question 35

Haemolytic syndrome of foals? a) Destruction of the equine foetus, in 1-w posprandially weakness, haemolyticus icterus --> death b) Immunogenetic origin, after colostral uptake, 1/2-3d postprandially, haemolysis, icterus c) Blood type incompatibility  destruction of the fetus in the uterus, icterus at birth, haemoglobinuria, unviability

Answer 35

b) Immunogenetic origin, after colostral uptake, 1/2-3d postprandially, haemolysis, icterus

Question 36

Haemolytic anaemia causes in horses: a) Infectious anaemia, babesiosis, leptospirosis, immune-/autoimmune processes b) Infectious anaemia, leptospirosis, listeriosis, immune-/autoimmune processes c) Infectious anaemia, horse plague, strangles, immune processes

Answer 36

a) Infectious anaemia, babesiosis, leptospirosis, immune-/autoimmune processes

Question 37

Curative treatment of hypovolaemic shock in horses: a) Perfusion, isotonic infusion 10-20 ml/ttkg/24h, dextran b) 40-50ml hypertonic infusion/24h, perfusion c) 40-60 ml/ttkg Ringer-liquor; fast infusion, dextran-liquor, plasma inf

Answer 37

c) 40-60 ml/ttkg Ringer-liquor; fast infusion, dextran-liquor, plasma inf

Question 38

COPD pathogenesis: Bronchitis --> pneumonia --> emphysema pulmonis Rhinitis --> laryngitis --> bronchitis --> allergen inspiration --> emphysema pulmonis Hypersensitivity --> neutrophils accumulating intraluminal --> intraluminal fibrosis --> emphysema

Answer 38

Hypersensitivity --> neutrophils accumulating intraluminal --> intraluminal fibrosis --> emphysema

Question 39

Ethmoid hematoma/cause? a) Traumatic injury of the ethmoid region (e.g. nasogastric tubing) b) Secondary to hemostatic problems c) Angiomatous tissue overgrowth d) Neoplastic origin

Answer 39

c) Angiomatous tissue overgrowth

Question 40

COPD 3rd grade CS: Frequent, light cough, dyspnea, border of lings shifting 1-2 ICS Humid cough, broken-wind groove, border of lungs shifting ½ ICS Paroxysmal cough, doubled expiration, border of lungs shifting 1 ICS

Answer 40

Frequent, light cough, dyspnea, border of lings shifting 1-2 ICS

Question 41

Blister beetle causes? a) Intussusception, anaemia, hypokalaemia b) Diarrhoea, haematuria, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcaemia c) Diarrhoea, myocardial necrosis, hypochloraemia, hypermagnesemia d) Gastric ulceration, oliguria, invagination

Answer 41

b) Diarrhoea, haematuria, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcaemia

Question 42

COPD 4th grade CS: Frequent paroxysmal cough, severe dyspnea, suffocating enlarged cardiac dullness Frequent light cough, doubled expiration/broken-wing groove, border of lungs shifting back 2 ICS Frequent aching cough, inspirational dyspnea

Answer 42

Frequent light cough, doubled expiration/broken-wing groove, border of lungs shifting back 2 ICS

Question 43

COPD tx with glucocorticoids: Inspiration glucocorticoids dispose to pododermatitis The best is prednisolone PO It is contraindicated to give them with bronchodilators

Answer 43

The best is prednisolone PO

Question 44

Bronchodilators in horse Clenbuterol, salmeterol, albuterol Albuterol, atropine, bromhexine Clenbuterol, acetylcysteine, dembrexine

Answer 44

Clenbuterol, salmeterol, albuterol

Question 45

Blood-sucking lice in horses: a) Haematopinus asini can cause anaemia in foals b) Linognathus vituli causing anaemia and weakness c) Hippobosca equienea; can cause anaemia in adult horses

Answer 45

a) Haematopinus asini can cause anaemia in foals (Linognathus vituli – blood sucking lice of cattle Hippobosca equienea – ikke en lice )

Question 46

Chorioptes mange affects horses'? a) Head b) Limbs c) Mane d) Ventral abdomen

Answer 46

b) Limbs

Question 47

Mucolytics for horses: Atropine, terbutaline, dembrexine Acetylcysteine, bromhexine, dembrexine Terbutaline, celbuterol, dexamethasone

Answer 47

Acetylcysteine, bromhexine, dembrexine

Question 48

Acute alveolar pulmonary emphysema causes: Allergic rxn, heavy physical strain, glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) poisoning Autoimmune rxn, pulmonary aspiration, threadworm larvae Trichostrongylosis, allergy, aflatoxin poisoning

Answer 48

Allergic rxn, heavy physical strain, glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) poisoning

Question 49

Large strongyles may cause? a) Thromboembolism b) Chronic diarrhoea c) Intussusceptions d) Gastric ulceration

Answer 49

a) Thromboembolism

Question 50

Acute alveolar pulmonary emphysema signs: Incr resp effort, caudal shift of lung border, dull-tympanic percussion sound Serious dyspnea, 1-3 rib spaces shift of the lung border, cyanosis Quick fatigue, epistaxis, tympanic percussion sound

Answer 50

Serious dyspnea, 1-3 rib spaces shift of the lung border, cyanosis

Question 51

Additional diagnostic methods in Equine hepatic diseases: a) Ultrasound examination, Ultrasound guided biopsy b) Ultrasound examination, ultrasound guided liver biopsy c) Doppler ultrasound, radiography, diagnostic laparotomy d) Creatinine clearance test, Bromsulphthalein, clearance test

Answer 51

b) Ultrasound examination, Ultrasound guided liver biopsy

Question 52

Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage: Epistaxis in English thoroughbreds, frequently returns, causes anaemia Pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses, caseous necrosis of the lung’s lobe, exercise intolerance Pulmonary hemorrhage after competition, recidivism, bleeding spontaneously stops

Answer 52

Pulmonary hemorrhage after competition, recidivism, bleeding spontaneously stops

Question 53

General therapy in equine hepatic diseases? a) Diet low in carbohydrates, vitamin B6, folic acid, lactulose b) Diet restricted in protein, glucose iv, insulin, B-vitamins, antioxidants c) Diet low in lipids, insulin, heparin d) Diet high in lipids, vitamin E

Answer 53

b) Diet restricted in protein, glucose iv, insulin, B-vitamins, antioxidants

Question 54

Bronchitis-pneumonia origin of viral infection: EHV-1, equine influenza virus A, rhinovirus 2 Adenovirus A, equine reovirus A, equine arbovirus 1 and 2 Equine influenza virus 1 and 3, equine adenovirus, PI-B

Answer 54

EHV-1, equine influenza virus A, rhinovirus 2

Question 55

Causes and features of Tyzzer-disease in horses? a) Listeria monocytogenes-caused meningoenphalitis b) Actinobacillus equulis infection, septicaemia in foals c) Clostridium piliforme acute hepatitis in foals d) Clostridium botulinum, hepatocencephalopathy in foals

Answer 55

c) Clostridium piliforme acute hepatitis in foals

Question 56

Bacterial bronchitis pneumonia origin: Bordetella pneumoniae equi, Streptococcus pneumoniae equi, Chlamydia bronchiseptica Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi, Bordetella bronchiseptica Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae equi, Chlamydophila equi, Corynebacterium pyogenes

Answer 56

Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi, Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 57

Mycotic bronchitis pneumonia origin: Pneumocystic carinii, Aspergillus species, Histoplasma equi Coccidiodes equi, Pneumocystis carinii, Actinobaculum equi Histoplasma capsulatum, Rhinosporidium seeberi, Coccidiodes immitis

Answer 57

Histoplasma capsulatum, Rhinosporidium seeberi, Coccidiodes immitis

Question 58

General therapy in equine hepatitis diseases? a) Diet low in carbohydrates, vitamin B, folic acid, lactulose b) Diet restricted in protein, glucose iv., insulin, B-vitamins, antioxidants c) Diet low in lipids, insulin, heparin d) Diet high in lipids, vitamin E

Answer 58

b) Diet restricted in protein, glucose iv., insulin, B-vitamins, antioxidants

Question 59

EGUS/clinical signs/foals/NOT true? a) Diarrhoea b) Salivation c) Colic d) Fever

Answer 59

d) Fever

Question 60

Neonatal pharyngeal weakness/foal? a) Clinical signs: milky nasal discharge, bruxism, fever b) Physiologic up to 2-4 weeks of age c) Treatment with calcium d) Treatment with antibiotics and NSAIDs

Answer 60

b) Physiologic up to 2-4 weeks of age

Question 61

Glucocorticoids for horses (in RAO/COPD)? a) Beclometazon, triameinolone, fluticazon b) Bromhexine, dembrexine, dobutrex c) Albuterol, clenbuterol, salmeterol d) Atropine, ipratropium bromide, scopolamine bromide

Answer 61

a) Beclometazon, triameinolone, fluticazon

Question 62

Bronchopneumonia characteristics: Catarrhal style, bacterial origin, lobular extent Catarrhal-purulent, bacterial origin, interstitial Effusion, bacterial origin, interstitial

Answer 62

Catarrhal style, bacterial origin, lobular extent

Question 63

Secretolytics for horses? a) Atropine, terbutaline, dembrexine b) Terbutaline, imodium c) Terbutaline, clenbuterol d) Acetylcysteine, bromhexine

Answer 63

d) Acetylcysteine, bromhexine

Question 64

Viral pneumonia characteristics: Lobular --> interstitial, hepatic character, becoming chronic Interstitial fibrosis and/or secondary bacterial infection --> hypoxia, acidosis

Answer 64

Interstitial fibrosis and/or secondary bacterial infection --> hypoxia, acidosis

Question 65

COPD (RAO)/Drugs/Horse? a) Clenbuterol, atropine, fluticazon b) Albuterol, ipratropium, trilostane c) Salmeterol, aminofillin, edrophonium d) Antihistamines, aspirin

Answer 65

a) Clenbuterol, atropine, fluticazon

Question 66

Croupous pneumonia stages: Yellow hepatisation --> grey hepatisation --> resolution Fibrinous --> haemorrhagic --> hepatisation --> crisis Hyperaemia --> hepatisation --> resolution ?

Answer 66

Fibrinous --> haemorrhagic --> hepatisation --> crisis

Question 67

EIPH/ horse/ therapy: a) Furosemide b) Antibiotics c) Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs d) Glucocorticoids e) Vitamin C

Answer 67

a) Furosemide

Question 68

Gangrenous pneumonia pathogenesis: Aspiration, putrid bronchitis --> lung cavities --> septicaemia Pneumonia crouposa, exsudate --> putrid bacteria Metastasis or transmission; purulent localization in the lungs --> infection with protease bacteria

Answer 68

Aspiration, putrid bronchitis --> lung cavities --> septicaemia

Question 69

Intestinal motilisers for horses (prokinetics): a) Flunixin meglumine, metoclopromaide b) Neostigmine, lidocaine c) Xylazine, neostigmine d) Morphine, neostigmine, lidocaine

Answer 69

b) Neostigmine, lidocaine (IV lidocaine is used in the treatment of postoperative ileus in people and has been shown to be useful in treating ileus and proximal duodenitis-jejunitis in horses. ;Metoclopromaide is also a prokinetic drug )

Question 70

Atropine toxicosis/horse/treatment? a) Pilocarpine b) Physostigmine c) nMetoclopramide d) Lidocaine

Answer 70

b) Physostigmine

Question 71

Purulent pneumonia CS: Languor, serous-purulent nasal discharge, dullness with horizontal upper border by percussion, dyspnea Weakness, purulent nasal discharge, dyspnea, whistling-wheezing resp sounds Fever, bloody-frothy nasal discharge, dyspnea, dry cough, wide dullness

Answer 71

Weakness, purulent nasal discharge, dyspnea, whistling-wheezing resp sounds

Question 72

Atrial fibrillation in horses treatment: a) Quinidine sulphate b) Procainamide c) Lidocaine

Answer 72

a) Quinidine sulphate (Or Quinidine-gluconate )

Question 73

Secretolytics for horses? a) Atropine, terbutaline, dembrexine b) Acetylcysteine, bromhexine, dembrexine c) Terbutaline, clenbuterol, dexamethasone d) Clenbuterol, albuterol, dembrexine

Answer 73

b) Acetylcysteine, bromhexine, dembrexine

Question 74

Croupous pneumonia CS: Peracute, racking cough, by mobbing stronger dyspnea, dullness with horizontal upper border, course within 1w Course in 2-3w, freq becomes chronic, serous nasal discharge, dullness, catarrhal resp sounds Acute course: 2w, high fever, serosanguinous nasal discharge, wide dullness, dyspnea/cyanosis

Answer 74

Acute course: 2w, high fever, serosanguinous nasal discharge, wide dullness, dyspnea/cyanosis

Question 75

Gangrenous pneumonia CS Within days fast general health decay --> death, malodorous-putrid breath, smelly nasal discharge, dyspnea Course in 1-2w --> freq death, bloody-purulent nasal discharge, rapid, often cough, splashing sounds in the dullness area Typically insp dyspnea, wide dullness, catarrhal resp sounds, long recovery

Answer 75

Within days fast general health decay --> death, malodorous-putrid breath, smelly nasal discharge, dyspnea

Question 76

Photosensitisation/which statement is not true? a) Hypericum perforation (st. johns wort) causes primary photosensitization b) Fagopyrum esculentum & lupinus albus cause secondary photosensitisation c) Hepatogenous photosensitisation is characterised by phylloerythrin accumulation d) The colchicine does not cause photosensitization

Answer 76

b) Fagopyrum esculentum & lupinus albus cause secondary photosensitisation (They cause primary, not secondary!!)

Question 77

Aspiration pneumonia – localization of the dullness and resp sounds: Lower third of the chest, region of the cardiac basis Caudal third of lungs, where the ventilation is bad Craniodorsal part of the lungs

Answer 77

Lower third of the chest, region of the cardiac basis

Question 78

Etiology of secondary photodermatitis in horses? a) Uptake of photosensibilizing plants b) Accumulation of phylloerythrin caused by hepatic insufficiency c) Retention of photosensibilizing substances because of renal failure d) Contact dermatitis caused by pasture plants phylloerythrin

Answer 78

b) Accumulation of phylloerythrin (from chlorophyll) caused by hepatic insufficiency

Question 79

Pleuropneumonia aerobic bacteria: Streptococcus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma equi, Actinobacilus multiformis Bacteroides fragilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, fusobacterium Streptococcus equi, pasteurella, Actinobacillus equi

Answer 79

Streptococcus equi, pasteurella, Actinobacillus equi

Question 80

Characteristics of urticaria in horses? a) Can be caused by inhaled allergens (fungi), rounded wheals on the skin within minutes or hours. Usually fast healing, but it might reoccur b) Can be caused by inhaled allergens (dust), rounded wheals on the skin within days. Always fast healing c) Can be caused by fodder (e.g. oat), rounded wheals on the skin always together with small bleedings of mucosa membranes (nose, mouth) d) Caused by nettle plant, allergic reaction with pruritus and alopecia, rapid regeneration

Answer 80

a) Can be caused by inhaled allergens (fungi), rounded wheals on the skin within minutes or hours. Usually fast healing, but it might reoccur

Question 81

Pleuropneumonia anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium sp., fusobacterium Klebsiella equi, Fusobacterium virilise, Mycoplasma felis Actinobacillus pneumonia, Clostridium multifactoralis, Bacteroides pleuropneumoniae

Answer 81

Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium sp., fusobacterium

Question 82

Which statement describes sycosis horses? a) Folliculitis on the back due to the untended saddle b) Folliculitis long hair follicles on the hock, dorsal margin of the neck, root of the tail c) Painful pustulous skin disease appearing on the skin of neck, back due to poor handling

Answer 82

b) Folliculitis long hair follicles on the hock, dorsal margin of the neck, root of the tail

Question 83

Pleuropneumonia CS: Whistling and wheezing resp sounds, cardiac dullness, discharge of transudate Dullness with horizontal uppor border by percussion, no respiration, by puncture: exsudation Discharge of inflammatory exsudate, loud catarrhal resp sounds, chest oedema

Answer 83

Dullness with horizontal uppor border by percussion, no respiration, by puncture: exsudation

Question 84

Severe acute nephrosis/combined aetiology/horse? a) Endotoxaemia + repeated flunixin meglumine + dehydration b) Endotoxinaemia + repeated flunixin meglumine + overdosed HAES-infusion c) Repeated flunixin meglumine + NSAID + cephalosporins d) Clostridium botulinum toxin + repeated furosemide infections

Answer 84

a) Endotoxaemia + repeated flunixin meglumine + dehydration

Question 85

Pleuropneumonia treatment: Thoracocentesis, dexamethasone, sulfadimidine, aminophylline Thoracocentesis, bromhexin, prednisolone, gentamicin Antimicrobial therapy, flunixin-meglumide, lowering of the pleural exsudate

Answer 85

Antimicrobial therapy, flunixin-meglumide, lowering of the pleural exsudate

Question 86

Plants and drugs causing nephrosis acuta: a) Aflatoxin, ochratoxin, tetracyclines, gentamicin, levamisole b) Fumonisin, aflatoxin, plants rich in oxalate, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins c) Mycotoxins, plants rich in oxalate, aminoglycosides, monensin

Answer 86

c) Mycotoxins, plants rich in oxalate, aminoglycosides, monensin

Question 87

Equine pneumonia/treatment/antibacterial drugs: Ampicillin, lincomycin, metronidazole Amoxicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole Clindamycin, metronidazole, neomycin Erythromycin, clarithromycin, amphotericin

Answer 87

Amoxicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole

Question 88

COPD (RAO)/ Bronchoalveolar lavage sample: Neutrophils <2%, eosinophils >2% Mast cells >20% Eosinophils >2%, neutrophils >5% Neutrophils >20%

Answer 88

Neutrophils >20%

Question 89

Equine pneumonia/treatment/antibacterial drugs? Ampicillin, lincomycin, metronidazole Amoxicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole Clindamycin, metronidazole, neomycin Erythromycin, clarithromycin, amphotericin

Answer 89

Amoxicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole

Question 90

Causes of nephrotoxicosis from drugs or chemicals a) Gentamicin, hemoglobin/myoglobin, heavy metals b) Aminoglycosides, glucocorticoids, Pb, Hg, Se c) Cephalosporins, NSAID’s, aflatoxin

Answer 90

a) Gentamicin, hemoglobin/myoglobin, heavy metals

Question 91

Equine laryngeal hemiplegia/ Diagnosis: Auscultation, "slap" test Occlusion of the nostrils; US exam of the larynx; radiographic examination of the larynx Endoscopy, palpation, "slap" test Computed tomography, endoscopy

Answer 91

Endoscopy, palpation, "slap" test

Question 92

Causes of vitamin nephropathy a) Calciferol, riboflavine, menadion, nikotinacid b) Menadion-natrium, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol c) Tocoferol, menadion-natrium, calciferol

Answer 92

b) Menadion-natrium, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol

Question 93

COPD(RAO)/Which statement is NOT true/horse? Occasionally mild radiographic changes in the lungs: interstitial, bronchial, peribronchial pattern Usually severe radiographic changes in the lungs: fibrosis, chronic oedema Thoracic radiography mainly serves for differential diagnostic purposes Bronchectasia and increased air content sometimes visible on chest x-ray

Answer 93

Usually severe radiographic changes in the lungs: fibrosis, chronic oedema

Question 94

Tracheal collapse in horses/occurence: English thoroughbred horses Large, jumping horses Ponies, miniature horses Large, draft horses

Answer 94

Ponies, miniature horses

Question 95

Renal infarct CS: a) Deterioration of hematuria, colic, renal failure b) Serious hematuria – shock – bleeding out c) Sudden occurrence of large amount of urine, enlarged kidneys

Answer 95

c) Sudden occurrence of large amount of urine, enlarged kidneys (Clinical signs fra PPT: - acute haematuria - dullness - anaemia (fatal bleeding rare) - rectal findings: enlarged kidney, fremitus renal artery)

Question 96

Aspiration pneumonia/localisation of dullness and abnormal respiratory sounds/horse? Lower third of the thorax, over the heart base The caudal third of the lungs, because of poor ventilation in this region Craniodorsal part of the lungs Caudodrosal lung quadrant

Answer 96

Lower third of the thorax, over the heart base

Question 97

How can we treat pleuropneumonia in horses? Thoracocentesis, dexamethasone, sulfadimidin, aminophylline Thoracocentesis, bromhexin, prednisolone, gentamycin Antimicrobial therapy, flunixin, meglumin, thoracic drainage Thoracotomy, dexamethason, bromhexine

Answer 97

Antimicrobial therapy, flunixin, meglumin, thoracic drainage

Question 98

COPD (RAO)/Drugs/Horse: Clenbuterol, atropine, fluticazon Albuterol, ipratropium, trilostane Salmeterol, aminofillin, edrophonium Antihistamines, aspirin

Answer 98

Clenbuterol, atropine, fluticazon

Question 99

Caudal shift of the caudal lung border. It is characteristic for? EGME RAO ELE(M) FLUTTTD

Answer 99

RAO

Question 100

Cause of renal infarction: a) Large necrosis, hemophilic area in cortex of kidney, embolia renalis, migration of Strongylus vulgaris 0 thrombosis – embolia b) Circumscribed infarct with hemorrhagic area in kidney, embola in arteria renalis, migration of Strongylus vulgaris – thrombosis – embolia

Answer 100

b) Circumscribed infarct with hemorrhagic area in kidney, embola in arteria renalis, migration of Strongylus vulgaris – thrombosis – embolia

Question 101

Bronchitis-pneumonia/Etiology/Obligate pathogenic viruses/Horse: Equine herpesvirus-1 and 4, equine influenza virus-A, african horse sickness virus Equine adenovirus, equine reovirus-1 and 3, african horse sickness virus Equine herpesvirus-2, equine adenovirus, parainfluenza virus-3 Rhinovirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus

Answer 101

Equine herpesvirus-1 and 4, equine influenza virus-A, african horse sickness virus

Question 102

Physical properties of horse urine: a) Mucous containing mucin, muddy, rich in Ca-carbonate b) Streams easily, contains mucin, translucid, contains Mg-P c) Streams with difficulty, contains protein, translucid, contains Ca-Oxalate

Answer 102

a) Mucous containing mucin, muddy, rich in Ca-carbonate

Question 103

COPD (RAO) common occurrence: a) In older horses kept in stables and getting mouldy hay b) In horses kept on pasture and in horses performing hard exercise c) In young foals after chronic respiratory infection d) Most common in thoroughbreds, trotters and younger sport horses

Answer 103

a) In older horses kept in stables and getting mouldy hay

Question 104

Pathophysiology of post-exercise myopathy (myoglobinuria paralytica)/Horse? a) Muscular-glycogen ↑ -> local lactic acid ↑ -> vasoconstriction due to hypoxaemia -> Zenker type myopathy -> muscular-paralysis + myoglobinuria b) Hypoxia -> anaerobe glycolysis ↑-> local lactic acid ↑ -> myonecrosis -> + myoglobinuria + tubulonephrosis c) Hypoxia -> anaerobe glycolysis ↑ -> local lactic acid ↑ -> Zenker type myopathy -> + myoglobinuria + immune-mediated glomerulonephritis

Answer 104

b) Hypoxia -> anaerobe glycolysis ↑-> local lactic acid ↑ -> myonecrosis -> + myoglobinuria + tubulonephrosis

Question 105

Bronchodilators for horses: Ioperamid, albuterol, aminophylline (teophylline) Albuterol, dimethyl-sulfoxide, bromhexin Salbutanol, acetylcysteine, dembrexin Clenbuterol, albuterol, aminophylline (theophylline)

Answer 105

Clenbuterol, albuterol, aminophylline (theophylline)

Question 106

COPD (RAO): Allergic Disease Chronic fungal infection Chronic bacterial infection Chronic viral infection

Answer 106

Allergic Disease

Question 107

Rhabdomyolytic myoglobinuria in horses: Disease with paralysis like locomotion disorder and myoglobinuria of untrained cold- blooded due to an extremely heavy work Disease with paralysis like locomotion disorder and myoglobinuria of continuously working cold-blooded horse Disease with paralysis like locomotion disorder and myoglobinuria of untrained racer due to an extremely heavy and uncommon exercise

Answer 107

Disease with paralysis like locomotion disorder and myoglobinuria of continuously working cold-blooded horse

Question 108

Muscular degeneration (myalgia) symptoms in horse a) Claudication, drop with comedown, hobbyhorse attitude b) Racehorses with hard loading without training, after transport, inherited individual sensibility c) Breast-, loins-, thigh muscular to be swollen and to be stiff, serious and irreversible lameness, renal failure

Answer 108

a or b???

Question 109

Muscular degeneration (myalgia) incidence in horse (tying up?) a) Racehorse under hard/drastic load, stress, individual sensibility? b) Racehorses with hard loading without training, after transport, inherited individual sensibility c) Syndrome under horse transportation or racing, it’s familiar in studs, the individual sensibility has a big lead in it

Answer 109

??

Question 110

Muscular degeneration myoglobin-micturition what to do? a) Try to rig up the recumbent horse to put up to walk, give it vitamin B, blood-letting b) Transfer the recumbent horse to its equerry and place it to a hammock, abet the healing with blood-letting and vit B inj c) Immediately terminate the work, grooming, give it NaHCO3, flunixin-meglumide, if a horse cannot stand up, it has a big change to die

Answer 110

c) Immediately terminate the work, grooming, give it NaHCO3, flunixin-meglumide, if a horse cannot stand up, it has a big change to die

Question 111

Muscular degeneration myoglobin-micturition prevention a) During rest days be aware of changing the feed, ensure the calm of the resting horse, gradual increase of the forage portion b) Half forage portion under rest days, ducting, after first interception humane loading? c) During rest days vitamin B supplement, be aware that the horses are under calm condition in their equerry, they have limitations under hard work in the first day

Answer 111

c) During rest days vitamin B supplement, be aware that the horses are under calm condition in their equerry, they have limitations under hard work in the first day (PPT: Prevention: when resting – energy decrease, slight movement, gradual working after resting )

Question 112

Muscular degeneration myoglobin-micturition pathogenesis: 2-3d rest in strong well-fed horses, then hard work within transition 1 week rest in well-fed horses, then hard work within transition In undernourished, yoke horses, for the sake of grim-hard work

Answer 112

2-3d rest in strong well-fed horses, then hard work within transition

Question 113

Muscular degeneration myoglobin-micturition effects a) Muscular atrophy, lameness, recumbency --> death b) Claudication, debilitation, renal failure c) Atrophic muscular slow degeneration, claudication, myocardosis

Answer 113

a) Muscular atrophy, lameness, recumbency --> death ? (PPT: Outcome: recovery, muscular atrophy or recumbency -> death)

Question 114

Muscular degeneration myoglobin-micturition symptoms:@ a) After the first interception within 2-3h: lameness, wobbly, drop down, rump muscular bulge, saw-horse position, brown-ruddy urine b) After the first interception within 2-3h: serious lameness, wobbly, downfall, rump muscular bulge, pasty delicate muscular, brown ruddy urine c) Normal walk, wobbly, downfall, rump muscular bulge, compact rubber delicate muscle, brown-ruddy urine

Answer 114

c) Normal walk, wobbly, downfall, rump muscular bulge, compact rubber delicate muscle, brown-ruddy urine

Question 115

Muscular degeneration myoglobin-micturition pathogenesis: Muscular-glycogen incr --> local lactic acid incr + hypoxemia --> muscular contraction incr --> zenker muscular paralysis + myoglobinuria Hypoxia --> muscular glycogen decoupling incr --> local lactic acid incr --> Zenker- muscular necrosis --> paralysis + myoglobinuria Muscular glycogen synthesis incr --> lactic acid decroupling incr + hypoxemia --> muscular contraction decr --> muscular bulge --> Zenker muscular paralysis + myoglobinuria

Question 116

The medial aspect of the stifle joint is easily recognisable in this way: ● The medial eminence of the tibia is larger ● The medial eminence of the tibia is smaller ● The fibula is on the medial aspect ● The radius is placed laterally