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MRCVS > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

parascaris eqquorum

A

Roundworm
- intestinal impactions - colic
- larval migration - liver and lungs
- spherical single cell zygote

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2
Q

Strongylus vulgaris

A

Large strongyle
- Sequela - thrombosis in mesenteric artery
- colic and infarction

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3
Q

Oxyuris equi

A

Pin worm
- infests perianal region - anal puritis

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4
Q

Tristrongylus axei

A

Small stomach worm
- chronic gastritis - wt loss
- found in ruminants
- tx - benzimidazole, ivermectin

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5
Q

Neck Threadworm

A

Onchocerca cervicalis - nematode
- diamond shaped lesions on neck and face
- patchy/diffuse alopecia
- bulls eye/circular lesion @ center of head

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6
Q

Sweet Itch

A

Cullicoides
- Hypersensitivity Type I
- Ventrum and dorsum - excoriation, alopecia

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7
Q

Horn fly

A

Haemotobia irritans
- Found around cattle
- ventral midline dermatitis

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8
Q

Equine Lung Worm

A

Dictocaulus arnfeldi - nematode
- foals more commonly affected
- resp signs - coughing, nasal discharge

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9
Q

Eyeworm

A

Thelzia - nematode
- worm found in eyelid, tear gland, tear duct and nicitating membrane

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10
Q

Club foot

A

Flexural deformity of distal interphalangeal joint
- steep hoof wall w/ shortened toe
- Congenital (can be acquired)
- Tx - NSAID, farrier, exercise and nutrition
- Tx - sever - desmotomy of accessory ligament and deep digital flexor

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11
Q

Stringhalt

A

Sudden flexion of one or both hind limbs - contraction of lateral extensor tendon
- chronic intoxication of sweet peas (lathyrus)
- tx - lateral digital extensor tenectomy

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12
Q

Peroneus tertius rupture

A

unable to extend hock or flex the stifle
- disruption to stay apparatus

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13
Q

Buttress foot
Pyramidal disease

A

Excessive strain on extensor process of P3
- periostitis
- progressive lameness, thickened coronary band, hoof wall protrusion at toe

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14
Q

Thrush

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
- insanitary conditions, poor foot care, lack of exercise
- moist, exudative dermatitis at frog of feet - thick black odorous discharge
- tx - trim necrotic tissue + penicillin + Clindamycin/metronidazole

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15
Q

Navicular disease

A

Pain from navicular bone, navicular suspensory and deep digital flexor tendon, navicular bursa
- Lameness, pain on hoof tester at posterior, pain on hard surface vs soft
- trot and canter to test
- Palmar digital nerve block to test
- tx - shoe to elevate heel

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16
Q

Bone spavin

A

Osteoarthritis of distal intertarsal joint
- stiff gait - intermittent lameness that improves WITH exercise
- Progressive swelling at hocks
- Flexion test (spavin test) - should show lameness
- intra-articular block relieves lameness
- tx - NSAID, corticosteroids, joint arthrodesis

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17
Q

Splints

A

Perostitis of the interosseous ligament - between 3rd and 2nd metacarpal
- new bone formation
- lameness - worsens with exercise/work
- sensitive to deep palpation

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18
Q

High ring bone

A

Osteoarthritis of proximal interphalangeal joint

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19
Q

Abortions

A

Placentitis - common cause of abortions
- streptococcus zooepidemicus, E.coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kelbsiella

Viral abortions - most commonly equine herpes virus 1 (EHV-1)
- HEV-4 and equine viral arteritis (EVA) other causes
- Vaccination at 5, 7, 9 months
- aborted fetus has small necrotic foci on liver, necrotizing bronchiolitis, intranuclear inclusion bodies

Non-infectious
- twins
- umbilical torsion

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20
Q

Cervical vertebral malformation

A

Narrowing of vertebral canal
- <4-5yr olds, rapid growing, male horses
- Thoroughbred and quarter horses over represented \
- Symmetrical - ataxia, paresis - worst in hind vs fore
- wide base stance

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21
Q

Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

A

Strenuous exercise –> epistaxis
- race horses - thoroughbred, standardbred, quarter horses
- Caudal dorsal lung fields
- tx - furosemide prior to intense exercise

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22
Q

Guttural Pouch Tympany

A

non-painful distension of the GP with air
- noticeable external swelling around throat-latch
- Congenital
- tx - surgical correction - fenestration of median septum

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23
Q

Guttural Pouch Empyema

A

Accumulation of purulent exudate within GP
- secondary to respiratory infection - Streptococcus equi/zooepidemicus
- Rupture of retropharyngeal LN
- Nasal discharge, regional LN enlargement
- Firm chondroids can form

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24
Q

Guttural Pouch Mycosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Fungal plaques in GP
- Aspergillus - erosion of wall of artery - epistaxis
- Dysphagia leads to damage to the cranial nerves

25
Theiler's Disease
Acute serum Hepatitis - idiopathic - Most common cause of acute hepatitis and hepatic failure - Adult horses - Associated with tetanus antitoxin - icterus, photosensitization, hepatoencephalopathy - hepatic necrosis, mononuclear cells and neutrophils in portal area
26
Tyzzer's disease
Clostridium piliforme - 6 day - 6 week of age - Highly fatal - acute hepatitis - depression, anorexia, coma - convulsions; jaundice; hyperglycemia
27
Aural plaques
Papillomavirus - spread via insects - coalescing depigmented and hyperkeratotic plaques
28
Toxo - Black walnut
Laminitis + colic
29
Toxo - Red maple
Acute hemolytic anemia
30
Toxo - Senecio/groundsel
liver disease
31
Toxo - castor bean
severe GI - bloody D+
32
Toxo - Yellow Star Thristle
Swelling in mouth - inability to eat
33
Toxo - Monesin
Commonly found in cow feed - cardiomyopathy - myocardial necrosis
34
Toxo - Fescue
prolong gestation +/- abortions/stillbirths Colic
35
Toxo - Jimson weed
Parasympatholytic to CNS - convulsions - Resp failure - incoordination
36
Ventricular septal defect
murmur bilateral - RIGHT side highest intensity - most common congenital cardiac abnormality
37
Cerebellar abiotrophy
Atrophy of the cerebellum - most common cerebellar disease in horses - Congenital - Foals < 1yr - Intention tremors, lack of menace, hypermetria (exaggerated gait), ataxia
38
Palmar digital nerve block
50-70% of palmar/plantar aspect of the foot
39
Abaxial sesamoid block
Entire foot
40
Low 4pt block
Entire metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint and distal
41
High 4pt block
Metacarpal region and distal
42
Wobbler's syndrome
Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy - instability and stenosis - compression of C3-C5 - wide base stance - Conscious proprioceptive deficit - ataxia - paresis - hind limb worse
43
Cornybacterium pseudotuberculosis
Ulcerative lymphagitis + abscesses in pectoral region
44
Tying up disease
Myositis - overwork --> muscle break down --> increase myoglobin --> renal failure + nephrosis - stiff gait, lethargy, anorexia
45
Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)
Asthma in horses - older horses - Environmental allergens - stalled in barns - Increase expiratory effort - development of heave lines - Curshmann's spirals on BAL
46
Equine Cushing's
Equine pituitary Pars Intermedia - >15yrs of age; ponies and morgan more commonly seen - Hirsutism (curly thick hair) - laminitisi - Excessive sweating - infertility - Increase in plasma [ATCH] - tx - pergolide
47
African horse sickness
Reovirus transmitted by collicoides - Fever, conjunctivitis - Pulmonary form - acute respiratory distress - coughing, foaming from nostrils - FATAL - Cardiac form - edema of head and neck - abdominal pain - indentation above eyes*
48
Equine infectious anemia
Retrovirus - Fever, depression, muscle weakness - Thrombocytopenia, anaemia, Jaundice - hemorrhage of MM - Epitaxis
49
Purpura hemorrhagica
Sequela of strep. equi (strangles) or vaccination - hypersensitivity type III - vasculitis - petechiae of MM - stiff gait - edema of extremities - urticaria
50
Glanders
Burkholderia mallei *zoonotic* *reportable* Nasal glanders - pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge - ulceration of upper respiratory tract - star shaped cicatrices Pulmonary glanders - diffuse pneumonia - light color nodules on lungs + hemorrhage Cutaneous glanders - Farcy* - nodule formation along SQ where lymphatics are dx - Mellein test Tx - euthanasia
51
Potomac Horse fever
Neorikettsi risticii - common summer with pastures near water - pyrexia, D+, laminitis - tx - oxytetracycline
52
Lethal white foal syndrome
Ileocolonic agangliosis - lack of ganglia in colon - Foals die at 2 day of age
53
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Sarcoystic neurona - Asymmetric ataxia + asymmetric muscle atrophy - tx - trimethroprim-sulfonamide; ponazuril; nitazoxinade
54
Neonatal isoerythrolysis
Foals born to multiparous mares - < 7 day of age - icteric appearance - Mothers antibody from colostrum attacks foals RBC
55
Pneumonia/pleuropneumonia
Bacterial - Strep zooepidemicus - e. coli, pasteurella, klebsiella - Bacteroides fragilis, clostridium Viral - Equine herpes virus - Equine influenza - Equine viral arteritis virus Fungal - Coccidiosis - Crytpococcus - Histoplasma - Aspergillus
56
Rhodococcus Equi
- 1-6month old - aerosolized during dry and dusty periods - Pneumonia before clinical signs recognized - Pyrogranulomatous pneumonia and pulmonary abscessation - tx - erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin + rifampin - can lead to more sever disease: internal abscessation, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, joint effusion
57
Strangles
Streptococcus equi - All horses - predominately younger (2-5yrs) - highly contagious - Lymphadenopathy - firm --> softer --> rupture - Bastard Strangles - internal LN - tx - penicillin
58
Equine viral arteritis
Reportable Arteritis virus - Fever, lethargy, depression - Swelling of the extremities, scrotum, mammary gland and above eyes - Conjunctivitis - Skin Rash - no active treatment

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