equine Anatomy Flashcards
(49 cards)
What genus is the horse in?
Equus
Name the species name of the domestic horse?
Equus Caballus
4 key genus characteristics
- Single- toed
- odd number of phalanges
- elongation of limbs ‘4. hypsodent teeth
Earliest recorded horse ancestor. Living 50 to 55 million years ago. the size of a small dog. has four toes in front feet and three in the hind feet. orbit not formed. 44 teeth (3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 3 molars. arched flexible back. fossils found in north america. ate largely foliage, fruit, herbs and berries.
Hyracotherum
size of a small dog. living 40 to 20 million years ago. lengthening of legs and feet. 3 toes front feet and 3 in feet. Orbit not formed. 1st premolars vestigal, 3 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 3 molars. back begins to straighten and stiffens. varied foliage is being eaten (miohippus is able to tackle tougher forage)
Mesohippus and Miohippus
size of a small pony. living 24 - 17 million years ago. Lateral toes reduced hypsodent teeth- lower jaw begins to deepen. orbit is formed (zygomatic arch). bones of the lower leg become fused and increase in length. head size increases. formation of sinuses. moved onto open plains
Parahippus and Merychippus
size of a larger pony. living 11 to 5 million years ago. single toed. hypsodent teeth- lower jaw deepens more. orbit becomes more formed as well as sinuses.
pliohippus
current version of the modern day horse. living 10 to 2 million years ago. front legs are strong giving the horse speed. hind legs muscular giving horse great power, speed, and endurance. neck muscular and strong allowing equus to balance and easily reach for forage. diet is mainly grass and herbs. move to africa, south america, europe and asia
equus
3 types of joints
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
- no joint cavity
2. connected with fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous
examples of fibrous joints
syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis
- bones joined by cartilage
2. many are temporary
cartilaginous
examples of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis and symphyses
- joint cavity
2. freely moveable
synovial
examples of synovial joints and their movement types
- ginglymus (hinge movement)
- plane joints (gliding movement)
- trochoid joints (pivot movement)
- spheroid joints (ball and socket movement)
what is the scientific name for the shoulder joint?
scapulohumeral joint
what type of joint is the shoulder?
spheroid joint
what is the type of movement for the shoulder?
hinge
what type of joint is the elbow?
ginglymus
what is the type of movement for the elbow?
hinge
what is the scientific name for the knee joint?
carpus
what type of joint is the carpus joint?
plane joint
what is the type of movement for the knee?
hinge movement
what is the scientific name for the fetlock joint in the front limb?
metacarpophalangeal joint
