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equine Anatomy > equine Anatomy > Flashcards

equine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What genus is the horse in?

A

Equus

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2
Q

Name the species name of the domestic horse?

A

Equus Caballus

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3
Q

4 key genus characteristics

A
  1. Single- toed
  2. odd number of phalanges
  3. elongation of limbs ‘4. hypsodent teeth
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4
Q

Earliest recorded horse ancestor. Living 50 to 55 million years ago. the size of a small dog. has four toes in front feet and three in the hind feet. orbit not formed. 44 teeth (3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 3 molars. arched flexible back. fossils found in north america. ate largely foliage, fruit, herbs and berries.

A

Hyracotherum

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5
Q

size of a small dog. living 40 to 20 million years ago. lengthening of legs and feet. 3 toes front feet and 3 in feet. Orbit not formed. 1st premolars vestigal, 3 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 3 molars. back begins to straighten and stiffens. varied foliage is being eaten (miohippus is able to tackle tougher forage)

A

Mesohippus and Miohippus

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6
Q

size of a small pony. living 24 - 17 million years ago. Lateral toes reduced hypsodent teeth- lower jaw begins to deepen. orbit is formed (zygomatic arch). bones of the lower leg become fused and increase in length. head size increases. formation of sinuses. moved onto open plains

A

Parahippus and Merychippus

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7
Q

size of a larger pony. living 11 to 5 million years ago. single toed. hypsodent teeth- lower jaw deepens more. orbit becomes more formed as well as sinuses.

A

pliohippus

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8
Q

current version of the modern day horse. living 10 to 2 million years ago. front legs are strong giving the horse speed. hind legs muscular giving horse great power, speed, and endurance. neck muscular and strong allowing equus to balance and easily reach for forage. diet is mainly grass and herbs. move to africa, south america, europe and asia

A

equus

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9
Q

3 types of joints

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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10
Q
  1. no joint cavity

2. connected with fibrous connective tissue

A

Fibrous

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11
Q

examples of fibrous joints

A

syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis

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12
Q
  1. bones joined by cartilage

2. many are temporary

A

cartilaginous

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13
Q

examples of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis and symphyses

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14
Q
  1. joint cavity

2. freely moveable

A

synovial

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15
Q

examples of synovial joints and their movement types

A
  1. ginglymus (hinge movement)
  2. plane joints (gliding movement)
  3. trochoid joints (pivot movement)
  4. spheroid joints (ball and socket movement)
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16
Q

what is the scientific name for the shoulder joint?

A

scapulohumeral joint

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17
Q

what type of joint is the shoulder?

A

spheroid joint

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18
Q

what is the type of movement for the shoulder?

A

hinge

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19
Q

what type of joint is the elbow?

A

ginglymus

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20
Q

what is the type of movement for the elbow?

A

hinge

21
Q

what is the scientific name for the knee joint?

A

carpus

22
Q

what type of joint is the carpus joint?

A

plane joint

23
Q

what is the type of movement for the knee?

A

hinge movement

24
Q

what is the scientific name for the fetlock joint in the front limb?

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

25
Q

what type of joint is the fetlock joint?

A

ginglymus

26
Q

what is the type of movement of the fetlock?

A

hinge

27
Q

what is the scientific name for the coffin joint?

A

distal interphalangeal joint

28
Q

what type of joint is the coffin joint?

A

ginglymus

29
Q

what is the type of movement of the coffin?

A

hinge

30
Q

what is the scientific name for the pastern joint?

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

31
Q

what type of joint is the pastern joint?

A

ginglymus

32
Q

what is the type of movement of the pastern?

A

hinge

33
Q

what is the scientific name for the hip joint

A

coxofemoral joint

34
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint?

A

spheroid joint

35
Q

what is the type of movement of the hip joint

A

hinge

36
Q

what type of joint is the stifle joint?

A

complex synovial

37
Q

what is the type of movement of the stifle joint

A

hinge

38
Q

what is the scientific name for the hock joint

A

tarsus joint

39
Q

what type of joint is the hock joint

A

plane joint

40
Q

what is the type of movement of the hock joint

A

hinge

41
Q

what is the scientific name for the fetlock joint in the distal limb?

A

metatarsophalangeal joint

42
Q

what type of joint is the fetlock joint

A

ginglymus

43
Q

what is the type of movement of the fetlock joint

A

hinge

44
Q

what is the scientific name for the pastern joint

A

proximal interphalangeal

45
Q

what type of joint is the pastern joint

A

ginglymus

46
Q

what is the type of movement of the pastern joint

A

hinge

47
Q

what is the scientific name for the coffin joint

A

distal interphalangeal

48
Q

what type of joint is the coffin joint

A

ginglymus

49
Q

what is the type of movement of the coffin joint

A

hinge

equine Anatomy (1 decks)

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