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RUSVM Anesthesiology > Equine Anesthesia > Flashcards

Equine Anesthesia Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

anesthestic risk of mortality increased in:

A

repair with internal fixation (screws and plates)

last 1/3 of pregnancy

laparotomy (colic surgery)

Sx >4hrs

>1 month or <12 years of age

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2
Q

T/F premedication with acepromazine was associated with reduced risk of anesthetic death

A

True

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3
Q

what are the 2 common causes of anesthetic death

A

cardiac arrest and post-operative collapse

fractures and myopathies

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4
Q

according to Dugdale et al. what was the biggest cause of anesthetic related mortality in horses

A

fractures and dislocations

risk increased during recovery

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5
Q

what are common procedures that can be performed in a standing horse

A

dental/sinus procedures

laparoscopy

epidural anaesthesia/analgesia

wounds closures

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6
Q

what are some advantages of standing anesthesia

A

cheaper, faster and less risk to horse

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7
Q

what is the normal heart rate for a horse

A

20-45 bts/min

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8
Q

what is the most common arrhythmia in fit horses

A

2° AV block (mobitz type I)

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9
Q

What respiratory disease is common in horses over 10yrs, housed indoors?

A

COPD

crackles and wheezes, medical tx prior to anesthesia, +/- bronchodilators

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10
Q

3 methods for obtaining a weight

A

weighbridge

tape

estimate

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11
Q

T/F horses should be given tetanus toxoid, antibiotics and NSAIDs pre-op

A

True

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12
Q

T/F picking out feet +/- remove shoes, rinse mouth, and grooming are all part of the pre-op preparation

A

True

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13
Q

T/F never anesthetize an unsedate horse

A

True

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14
Q

indications for Acepromazine as a pre-med

A

provides tranquilization

cardioprotective

reduce risk of anesthetic mortality

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15
Q

contraindications of acepromazine

A

hypovolemic - colic

young foals

breeding stallions - priapism

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16
Q

what is a mainstay premed in adult horses

A

alpha 2 agonists

IV, IM, transmucosally, SQ

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17
Q

what are some signs of sedation

A

head down

droopy lips

sleepy

wide-based stance

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18
Q

what are the side effects of opioids in horses

A

decreased GI motility

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19
Q

when are benzodiazepines used

A

tranquilisation of foals (1-2months of age)

few CV and resp effects

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20
Q

what is the aim for induction

A

quiet environment

controlled

slow

gentle

Ketamine - slower effect, tend to sit back

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21
Q

main options for induction

A

free fall/assisted

swing gate

tilt table

sling

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22
Q

T/F for orthopedic conditions, the affected leg should be positioned away from the wall

A

True

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23
Q

why is propofol not typically used

Study These Flashcards
A

large volume of drug needed

cost

24
Q

T/F telazol gives good induction after alpha 2 premed but the recovery is poor

25
T/F intubation is usually performed blindly
**True**
26
how do you intubate horses
gag helpful to open mouth extend neck need to go in midline dislocate epiglottis from soft palate
27
advantages of TIVA vs inhalant
no special requirement used in field or OR minimal CV/resp depression lower M&M pollution risk low
28
disadvantages of TIVA vs inhalant
all drugs need to be metabolized some have active metabolites max duration 2 hrs not easy to control anaesthetic depth
29
what does TIVA consist of
GG (muscle relaxant) alpha 2 agonist ketamine
30
which ECG lead configuration should be used
base-apex lead 1
31
which arteries are used for arterial blood pressure
facial transverse facial digital
32
ideal MAP
\>70 mmHg
33
what does arteria blood pressure provide information about
perfusion
34
what does pulse ox measure?
hemoglobin saturation
35
what is the minimum acceptible value for pulse ox
90%
36
advantages of pulse ox
quick and easy to apply non-invasive continuous
37
what does respiratory gas monitoring include
PaCO2 PaO2 ETAA Resp. rate
38
how can depth of anesthesia be assessed
**eye position** - one eye central, one rotated back or forward; slow palpebral reflex, lacrimation ## Footnote **anal tone** **no limb movement** **no swallowing** **no nystagmus**
39
problems during equine anesthesia
hypotension hypoventilation hypoxemia recovery - myopathy, neuropathy, spinal cord malacia, recovery quality
40
how can you treat hypotension under anesthesia
reduce vaporizer setting increase rate of fluid administration use vasoactive drugs
41
what is the main cause of hypoxemia
V:Q mismatch relate to shape of horses diaphragm, position during anesthesia
42
how do you prevent/treat hypoxemia
increased FiO2 mechanical ventilation use of beta 2 agonist change position (head up) reduce pressure from abdominal contents (starve pre-op)
43
prevention of myopathy
monitor arterial pressure and maintain (minimum MAP of 70 mmHg)
44
prevention of myopath and neuropathy
padding positioning - lateral lower limb pulled forward, limbs parallel to ground, remove head collar
45
causes of post operative myopathy
muscle ischemia and inadequate perfusion MAP \<70 mmHg hypoxemia vasconstriction prolonged anesthesia (\>2 hrs) larger horses compartment syndrome
46
problems in recovery
excitement/disorientation (fractures, abrasions) post anaesthetic myopathy respiratory obstruction neuropathic paralysis haemorrhagic myelopathy
47
T/F longer recovery, shorter and less invasive surgery = better recovery
**true**
48
types of recovery
unassisted manually assisted - head and tail ropes felating air pillow large animal vertical lift sling recovery pool recovery
49
T/F donkies metabolize some drugs more rapidly than horses
**True** NSAIDs - require more frequent dosing
50
T/F donkies more stoical and tolerant of intervention than horses and may be suitable for standing procedures
**True**
51
donkies are more/less sensitive to alpha 2 agonist
**more**
52
donkies metabolise ketamine more/less rapidly and are more/less sensitive to guaifensin than horses
**More**
53
how does intubation differ in donkies vs horses
anatomically different more difficult due to angle of larynx may need endoscope
54
T/F blood pressure is a more sensitive indicator of anesthetic depth in donkies than in horses
**True**
55
donkey recovery
slower and more control than horses less need to sedate rise like cattle - hind end first

RUSVM Anesthesiology (39 decks)

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