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Equine Anatomy > Equine Back and Hindlimb Muscles > Flashcards

Equine Back and Hindlimb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?

A

Supraspinous ligament from T3 caudally via thoracolumbar fascia.

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?

A

Teres major tuberosity.

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3
Q

What is the function and Innervation of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?

A

Shoulder flexion and Retracts limb. It Draws trunk cranially and the innervation is Thoracodorsal nerve.

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4
Q

What is the origin of the Longissimus costarum?

A

Lumbar transverse processes and cranial rib borders

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5
Q

What is the insertion of the Longissimus cosarum?

A

Angles of ribs 1-15 and transverse processes of C7.

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6
Q

What is the function of the Longissimus costarum?

What is the innervation?

A

Stabilizes lumbar spine and ribs extends and laterally bends back. Allows Expiration.
The innervation is the Dorsal branch of local spinal nerve.

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7
Q

What is the origin of Longissimus dorsi (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, capitis et atlantis)?

A

Ilium, Spinous Processes of sacrum, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Transverse Processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae.

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8
Q

What is the insertion of the Longissimus dorsi (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, capitis et atlantis)?

A

Transverse Processes of vertebrae; tubercles of ribs; wing of atlas; mastoid process.

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9
Q

What is the function and innervation of the Longissimus Dorsi?

A

Stabilises and extends back and allows for Lateral flexion. The innervation is the Dorsal branches of local spinal nerves.

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10
Q

What is the Origin of the Spinalis: Thoracis &Cervicis?

A

Spinous Processes of lumbar vertebrae and last 6 thoracic vertebrae.

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11
Q

What is the Insertion of the Spinalis: Thoracsis & Cervicis?

A

Spinous Processes of first 6-7 thoracic and last 5 cervical vertebrae.

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12
Q

What is the function of the Spinalis Muscle?

What is the innervation?

A

Stabilises the neck and back; elevates the neck and bends it laterally.
Innervation is the Dorsal branch of local spinal nerves.

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13
Q

What is the Origin of Scalenus: Medius & Ventralis?

A

First Rib

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14
Q

What is the Insertion of the Scalenus: Medius & Ventralis?

A

Transverse Processes of C7; Transverse Processes of C4-6.

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15
Q

What is the function of the Scalenus Muscle?

A

Flexes and bends the neck laterally; may assist in inspiration by elevating the first rib.

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16
Q

What is the Scalenus Innervation?

A

Ventral branches of local spinal nerves.

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17
Q

What is the origin of Multifidi: Cervicis, Thoracis and Lumborum?

A

Articular and mamillary processes of all vertebrae from C2 to the sacrum.

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18
Q

What is the Insertion of the Multifidi: Cervicis, Thoracis and Lumborum?

A

Spinous Processes of preceding vertebrae.

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19
Q

What is the function of the Multifidi?

A

Stabilises and twists the vertebrae and elevates the neck.

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the Multifidi?

A

Dorsal branch of local spinal nerves.

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21
Q

What is the origin/insertion of Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis?

A

Between spinous and mamillary processes of the last 2-3 sacral and the first several caudal vertebrae.

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22
Q

What is the function of Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis?

A

Elevates the tail and blends it laterally.

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis?

A

Dorsal branch of local spinal nerves.

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24
Q

What is the origin of Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis ?

A

Laterally on sacrum; TPS of the cranial and mamillary processes of the more caudal tail vertebrae.

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25
Q

What is the insertion of Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis?

A

By a tendon on the preceding vertebrae.

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26
Q

What is the function and innervation of Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis?

A

Elevates the tail and blends it laterally. Innervation is the Dorsal branch of local spinal nerves.

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27
Q

What is the origin of Sacrocaudalis ventralis ?

A

Lateral part: ventral surface of the sacrum, TPs of the first few tail vertebrae
Medial part: ventral surface of the tail vertebrae.

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28
Q

What is the insertion of Sacrocaudalis ventralis?

A

With combined tendons on ventrolateral surface of tail vertebrae.

29
Q

What is the function of Sacrocaudalis ventralis? What is the innnervation?

A

Flexes tail and bends it laterally. Innervation is the Ventral branches of local spinal nerves.

30
Q

What is the origin of the Tensor fasciae latae?

A

Tuber Coxae.

31
Q

What is the innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

A

Via fascia lata on patella, lateral patella ligament, cranial border of tibia. With superficial gluteal on 3rd trochanter.

32
Q

What is the function of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

A

Flexes hip, protracts hind limb, extends stifle tenses fascia lata.

33
Q

What is the innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

A

Cranial gluteal.

34
Q

What is the origin of the Gluteus medius?

A

Longissimus lumborum, ilium, sacrum, sacroiliac and sacrosciatic ligaments.

35
Q

What is the insertion of the Gluteus medius?

A

Greater trochanter.

36
Q

What is the function and innervation of the Gluteus medius?

A

Extends hip and Abducts leg. The innervation is the Cranial gluteal.

37
Q

What is the origin of the Gluteus superficialis?

A

Tuber coxae and gluteal fascia.

38
Q

What is the insertion of the Gluteus superficialis?

A

Third trochanter and fascia lata.

39
Q

What is the function and innervation of the Gluteus superficialis?

A

Hip flexion and hind limb protraction and abduction. The innervation is the Cranial and caudal gluteal.

40
Q

What is the origin of the Biceps femoris?

A

Spinous processes and transverse processes of Sa3-5. Sacrosciatic ligament, tail fascia and Tuber ischium.

41
Q

What is the insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Lateral patella and lateral/mid patella ligaments, cranial tibia, crural fascia, tarsal tendon to calcaneus.

42
Q

What is the function of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Extends hip and stifle. Flexes stifle. Abducts limb Extends hock.

43
Q

What is the innervation of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Caudal gluteal and sciatic nerve.

44
Q

What is the origin of the Semitendinosus?

A

Sa5/ca1&2. Tail fascia, sacrosciatic ligament and Ventral tuber ischium.

45
Q

What is the insertion of the Semitendinosus?

A

Cranial border of tibia, crural fascia. Tarsal tendon.

46
Q

What is the function of the Semitendinosus?

A

Extends hip, stifle and hock in stance, Flexes the stifle when the limb is offloaded. Adducts limb.

47
Q

What is the innervation of the Semitendinosus?

A

Caudal gluteal and sciatic nerve.

48
Q

What is the origin of the Semimembranosus?

A

Ca1, sacrosciatic ligament. Tuber ischium.

49
Q

What is the insertion of the Semimembranosus?

A

Medial condyles of femur and tibia.

50
Q

What is the function of Semimembranosus?

A

Stance extends hip and stifle. Retracts, adducts and inward rotation.

51
Q

What is the innervation of Semimembranosus?

A

Caudal gluteal and sciatic nerve.

52
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus femoris?

A

Shaft of the ilium cranial to the acetabulum.

53
Q

What is the insertion of the Rectus femoris?

A

Intermediate patellar ligament to tibia.

54
Q

What is the function of the Rectus Femoris?

A

Hip flexion and stifle extension and stabilisation.

55
Q

What is the innervation of the Rectus Femoris?

A

Femoral nerve.

56
Q

What is the origin of Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius?

A

Proximolateral femur, Proximomedial femur and Proximodorsal femur.

57
Q

What is the insertion of the Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius?

A

Intermediate patellar ligament to tibia.

58
Q

What is the functions of Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius?

A

Extends and stabilises stifle.

59
Q

What is the innervation of Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius?

A

Femoral nerve.

60
Q

What is the origin of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Medial and lataral supracondyle tuberosities of the femur.

61
Q

What is the insertion of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Common calcaneal tendon.

62
Q

What is the function and innervation of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Extends hock and Flexes stifle. The innervation is the Tibial nerve.

63
Q

What is the origin of the Gracilis?

A

Pelvic symphysis.

64
Q

What is the insertion of the Gracilis?

A

Crural fascia, medial patella ligament and cranial tibia.

65
Q

What is the function and insertion of the Gracilis?

A

Adducts limb, extends stifle and innnervation is the Obturator Nerve.

66
Q

What is the origin of the Adductor?

A

Ventral surface of the pelvis; symphysial tendon.

67
Q

What is the insertion of the Adductor?

A

Caudal surface and medial epicondyle of the femur.

68
Q

What is the function and innervation of the Adductor?

A

Adducts and retracts hind limb. The innervation is the Obturator nerve.

Equine Anatomy (1 decks)

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