Equine colic

Question 1

know pics ///

Answer 1

////

Question 2

Where do tapeworms like to live?

Answer 2

The ileo-cecal junction

Question 3

**Impaction sites for horses

Answer 3

stomach, ileum, cecum, pelvic flexture, right dorsal/tranverse colon, descending (small) colon

Question 4

What part of the GI tract has the most musculature of the SI?

Answer 4

Ileum

Question 5

Infront of the root of the mesentary=

Answer 5

cannot palpate on rectal examination

Question 6

Can you palpate right dorsal colon and transverse colon on rectal exam?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Equine colic can be secondary to…

Answer 7

gallstones, hepatitis, urinary tract obstruction, acute renal failure, diet, peritonitis, etc.

Question 8

Which is more common, strangulated or non-strangulated lesions? Which are more painful, SI or LI lesions??

Answer 8

Strangulated lesions are more common; SI lesions are more painful (exception is colon torsion where there is ischemia and torsion)

Question 9

Complete obstruction is more painful than incomplete obstruction. What is the most painful type of colic?

Answer 9

colonic torsion

Question 10

What is normal HR for horse? What will HR be for colic horse?

Answer 10

normal is around 44bpm, colic horse will be about 48-52bpm with moderate colic. severe cases will have HR close to 70-120 bpm

Question 11

horse with more than 120bpm= dead T/F

Answer 11

True!!

Question 12

10 cases of colic per __ horse years.

Answer 12

100

Question 13

alfalfa hay predisposes to _____

Answer 13

enetroliths

Question 14

Bermuda grass hay predisposes horses to

Answer 14

impactions, esp. ileal impactions

Question 15

10 horses per __ colic cases need surgery and will die without it. usually 5 out of the 10 will go into surgery, and only ___ may live through it

Answer 15

100;4

Question 16

10 horses out of 100 colic cases that need surgery- what is the summary of statistics?

Answer 16

About 6 die, 5 that needed surgery did not get it, and about 1 of the 5 that had surgery died anyway

Question 17

__-__% need surgery, mild colic is resolved ___% of the time

Answer 17

5-15%; 75%

Question 18

What initial exam should we do for our PE of a possible colic horse?

Answer 18

do TPR, PCV/TP, skin turgor, mm, rectal exam, nasogastric decompression- reflux with obstruction or enteritis, and/or abdominocentesis unless only mild case….
Can also us U/S to see if there is any wall thickness or abnormal positions of adbominal contents

Question 19

___ before NSAIDs

Answer 19

TPR

Question 20

Temp before ____

Answer 20

rectal

Question 21

When do we do PCV/TP?

Answer 21

Only if horse has above average signs of colic, cheap, readily available

Question 22

What does elevated PCV mean??

What value should PCV be in normal horses??

Answer 22

dehydration. Fluid losses, possible endotoxemia

PCV should be 40-46% in thoroughbred and 31-43% In other breeds

Question 23

Will have spontaneous reflux with obstruction of what part of GI tract?

Answer 23

SI

Question 24

What do we do if patient has fever with colic signs?? what is considered a fever in horses?

Answer 24

DO NOTTT open up for surgery right away because patient probably has an infectious abdominal trac; 101.5 and above is considered a fever in horses.

Question 25

Horse in shock vitals:

Answer 25

Tacky, bright red mm, HR over 44bpm, PCV increased BUT LOW TP

Question 26

What does it mean if there is increased vascular permeability, so losing proteins and RBCs marginate to vessel walls? What about high PCV and low TP?

Answer 26

Endotoxemia; shock

Question 27

How do we tx endotoxemia?

Answer 27

with polymyxin B which is in Neosporin Toxic systemically at high doses Give a low dose only to welllll hydrated patients!!!

Question 28

what organ are we concerned about with nephrosplenic ligament entrapment?

Answer 28

Spleen and GI

Question 29

What are the r/o for no gi sounds?

Answer 29

complete obstruction, severe shock, endotoxemia

Question 30

What are the r/o for hyper motile GI tract (hank lol)

Answer 30

spasmodic or gas colic, or impending colitis

Question 31

***MM pale horse r/o list (remember for MM look at vulva, prepuce)

Answer 31

anemia, decreased circulating volume, early shock

Question 32

What does a purple line around gums mean?

Answer 32

"toxic line", means later stages of endotoxemia, signifies venous pooling

Question 33

What does CRT more than 2 sec mean?

Answer 33

Perfusion problems

Question 34

What do tachy, not moist mm mean?

Answer 34

3-5% dehydrated (5-7% if positive skin tent)

Question 35

what tube is best for nasogastric reflux/gastric distension relief?

Answer 35

larger tube is better, esp. one with end hole and side hole(s) to allow for us to know if stomach seems distended

Question 36

stomach usually holds 1-2L of fluid but can hold ___-__ when distended

Answer 36

9-10L

Question 37

What are our r/o if we find brown, hemorrhagic red reflux from NG tube?

Answer 37

anterior enteritis or necrotic strangulation obstruction (of pain resolves after tubing it was likely anterior enteritis)

Question 38

What provides critical information about the status of the GI tract?

Answer 38

Abdominocentesis

Question 39

Better to tx ____ ____ medically than w sx

Answer 39

anterior enteritis

Question 40

Normal colon wall thickness in horse is __-__ mm

Answer 40

1-2mm

Question 41

What are some major findings that help us differentiate between anterior enteritis and other SI lesions?

Answer 41

Anterior enteritis will have pain relief after refluxing, abdominocentesis will have straw colored slightly turbid fluid with high protein count (>2.5) and low nucleated count, wall will be thickened with edema on U/S, increased rectal temperate slightly

Question 42

What are indications for sx?

Answer 42

severe pain, noooo gut sounds, large volume of yellow alkaline reflux, marked bowel distension on rectal exam, peritoneal fluid high WBC and protein, signs of CV collapse without signs of sepsis

Question 43

What are CI of doing surgery?

Answer 43

fever, neutropenia or neutrophilia, foul smelling red brown reflux (anterior enteritis and just tube them and medically mange them), evidence of extraintestinal pain

Question 44

What are some factors related to poor prognosis?

Answer 44

High PCV, systolic BP <100 or weak pulses, high HR, leukopenia, serum lactate >6 and PCV >50

Question 45

Serum lactate > 6 and PCV >50=

Answer 45

death.