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Equine Infectious and Common Diseases Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is the transmission method for Equine Influenza (H3N8)?

A

Aerosol (highly contagious)

Highly contagious respiratory disease in horses.

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2
Q

List the clinical signs of Equine Influenza (H3N8).

A
  • Fever
  • Dry cough
  • Serous nasal discharge

Common symptoms include respiratory distress.

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3
Q

What is the treatment for Equine Influenza (H3N8)?

A
  • Supportive care
  • Rest
  • NSAIDs
  • Fluids
  • Vaccine available

Supportive care is crucial for recovery.

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4
Q

How is Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1, EHV-4) transmitted?

A

Aerosol, fomites, direct contact

Can spread through contaminated objects and direct horse-to-horse contact.

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1, EHV-4)?

A
  • Respiratory (cough, nasal discharge)
  • Abortion
  • Neuro signs (EHM: ataxia, urinary retention)

EHV-1 can cause severe respiratory illness and neurological issues.

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6
Q

What treatment options are available for Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1, EHV-4)?

A
  • Supportive
  • NSAIDs
  • Isolation
  • Valacyclovir for neuro cases
  • Vaccine available (does not prevent neuro form)

Isolation is critical to prevent spread.

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7
Q

What is the transmission method for Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?

A
  • Biting flies (horseflies, deer flies)
  • Needles
  • Transplacental

EIA is spread through blood and bodily fluids.

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8
Q

List the clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA).

A
  • Fever
  • Anemia
  • Petechiae
  • Weight loss
  • Ventral edema

Symptoms can vary in severity.

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9
Q

What treatment options are available for Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?

A
  • No treatment
  • Euthanasia or lifelong quarantine
  • Coggins test required for movement

Lifelong quarantine is essential to control disease spread.

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10
Q

How is Strangles (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi) transmitted?

A

Direct contact, fomites, nasal discharge

Highly contagious among horses.

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of Strangles?

A
  • Swollen lymph nodes (submandibular, retropharyngeal)
  • Fever
  • Nasal discharge
  • Dysphagia

Swollen lymph nodes are a hallmark of the disease.

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12
Q

What treatment options are available for Strangles?

A
  • Supportive
  • NSAIDs
  • Drain abscesses
  • Penicillin (only if severe)
  • Vaccine available

Vaccination can help prevent outbreaks.

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13
Q

What is the transmission method for Rhodococcus equi (Foal Pneumonia)?

A

Inhalation of contaminated soil dust

Common in foals, especially in dusty environments.

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14
Q

List the clinical signs of Rhodococcus equi (Foal Pneumonia).

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Abscesses in lungs
  • Joint swelling

Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

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15
Q

What treatment options are available for Rhodococcus equi (Foal Pneumonia)?

A
  • Macrolide (clarithromycin or azithromycin) + rifampin

Combination therapy is often necessary for effectiveness.

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16
Q

How is Potomac Horse Fever (Neorickettsia risticii) transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infected aquatic insects (snails, caddisflies)

This disease is associated with certain environmental conditions.

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of Potomac Horse Fever?

A
  • Severe diarrhea
  • Fever
  • Laminitis

Diagnosis and treatment should be prompt to prevent complications.

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18
Q

What treatment options are available for Potomac Horse Fever?

A
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Supportive care

Supportive care includes fluids and monitoring.

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19
Q

What is the transmission method for Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)?

A
  • Venereal (semen)
  • Aerosol
  • Transplacental

Can be spread through breeding and respiratory routes.

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20
Q

List the clinical signs of Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA).

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Edema
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Abortion
  • Respiratory disease

Symptoms can vary widely among affected horses.

21
Q

What treatment options are available for Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Supportive
  • Vaccine for breeding stallions

Vaccination is key for controlling outbreaks.

22
Q

How is Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) transmitted?

Study These Flashcards
A

Wound contamination, deep punctures

Tetanus spores are commonly found in soil.

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of Tetanus?

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A
  • Stiff gait
  • Lockjaw
  • Saw-horse stance
  • Hyperresponsiveness

Tetanus can lead to severe neurological symptoms.

24
Q

What treatment options are available for Tetanus?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Penicillin
  • Tetanus antitoxin
  • Wound care
  • Sedatives
  • Tetanus vaccine for prevention

Prevention through vaccination is crucial.

25
What is the transmission method for Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)?
* Ingestion of spoiled feed (haylage, silage) * Wounds * Shaker foal syndrome ## Footnote Botulism can be fatal if not treated promptly.
26
List the clinical signs of Botulism.
* Flaccid paralysis * Dysphagia * Recumbency ## Footnote Symptoms typically progress rapidly.
27
What treatment options are available for Botulism?
* Botulism antitoxin * Supportive care ## Footnote Early treatment improves chances of recovery.
28
How is Salmonella transmitted?
Fecal-oral, contaminated feed/water ## Footnote Salmonellosis can lead to severe gastrointestinal issues.
29
What are the clinical signs of Salmonella?
* Severe diarrhea * Fever * Colic * Endotoxemia * Leukopenia ## Footnote Symptoms can lead to dehydration and shock.
30
What treatment options are available for Salmonella?
* Fluids * NSAIDs * Plasma * Biosecurity ## Footnote Biosecurity measures are essential to prevent outbreaks.
31
What is the transmission method for Lawsonia intracellularis (Equine Proliferative Enteropathy)?
Fecal-oral (affects weanlings 6-12 mo.) ## Footnote Common in young horses, particularly in groups.
32
List the clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis (Equine Proliferative Enteropathy).
* Weight loss * Ventral edema * Diarrhea * Thickened SI ## Footnote Diagnosis may require imaging or endoscopy.
33
What treatment options are available for Lawsonia intracellularis (Equine Proliferative Enteropathy)?
* Oxytetracycline or doxycycline ## Footnote Antibiotic therapy is often effective.
34
How is Leptospirosis transmitted?
Urine-contaminated water, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure ## Footnote Leptospirosis can affect multiple organ systems.
35
What are the clinical signs of Leptospirosis?
* Uveitis (“moon blindness”) * Abortion * Renal disease ## Footnote Early intervention can prevent serious complications.
36
What treatment options are available for Leptospirosis?
* Penicillin or doxycycline * Vaccine available ## Footnote Vaccination can help reduce incidence.
37
What is the transmission method for West Nile Virus (WNV)?
Mosquito bite (flavivirus) ## Footnote WNV is a vector-borne disease.
38
List the clinical signs of West Nile Virus (WNV).
* Ataxia * Muscle fasciculations * Recumbency * Fever ## Footnote Neurological signs can be severe.
39
What treatment options are available for West Nile Virus (WNV)?
* Supportive care * NSAIDs * Vaccine available ## Footnote Vaccination is key for prevention.
40
What is the transmission method for Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis (EEE/WEE)?
Mosquito bite (alphavirus) ## Footnote EEE/WEE are serious viral diseases with high mortality rates.
41
List the clinical signs of Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis (EEE/WEE).
* Neurologic signs * Fever * Recumbency * High mortality ## Footnote Early recognition and treatment are critical.
42
What treatment options are available for Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis (EEE/WEE)?
* Supportive * High mortality * Vaccine available ## Footnote Vaccination is essential for at-risk populations.
43
How is Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM, Sarcocystis neurona) transmitted?
Opossum feces (ingestion of sporocysts) ## Footnote EPM is a significant neurological disease in horses.
44
List the clinical signs of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM).
* Asymmetric ataxia * Muscle atrophy * Cranial nerve deficits ## Footnote Symptoms can mimic other neurological disorders.
45
What treatment options are available for Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?
* Ponazuril (Marquis) * Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine ## Footnote Treatment can be prolonged and requires veterinary oversight.
46
What is Guttural Pouch Mycosis?
Aspergillus infection of guttural pouch ## Footnote Can lead to serious complications if untreated.
47
List the clinical signs of Guttural Pouch Mycosis.
* Epistaxis (life-threatening hemorrhage) * Dysphagia * Horner’s syndrome ## Footnote Symptoms indicate a need for immediate veterinary attention.
48
What treatment options are available for Guttural Pouch Mycosis?
* Surgical occlusion of internal carotid artery * Antifungals ## Footnote Surgery may be necessary to prevent hemorrhage.

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