equine MSK

Question 1

radiographic marker placement

Answer 1

By convention, the metallic
markers are always placed:
* Dorsal/cranial aspect
* Lateral aspect

Question 2

distal limb terminology planes

Answer 2

Question 3

proximal limb planes

Answer 3

Question 4

head plane terminology

Answer 4

Question 5

what view is this?

Answer 5

dorsopalmer

Question 6

what views is this

Answer 6

lateromedial

Question 7

what views is this

Answer 7

DORSOLATERAL-PALMAROMEDIAL
DLPMO

Question 8

what view is this

Answer 8

DORSOMEDIAL-PALMAROLATERAL
DMPLO

Question 9

foot preparation

Answer 9

-you must clean out hoof/ frog or could lead to artifact

Question 10

Standard radiographic views of horse hoof

Answer 10

Question 11

lateromedial foot positioning

Answer 11

Question 12

Dorsopalmar/plantar (DP) positioning

Answer 12

Question 13

Dorso-65º-proximal
palmaro/plantaro-distal (D65P-PaD)

Answer 13

Question 14

Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal
(navicular skyline)

Answer 14

Question 15

Standard radiographic views of the fetlock joint

Answer 15

Question 16

Lateromedial (LM) and Flexed LM

Answer 16

Question 17

Dorsopalmar/plantar (DP)

Answer 17

Question 18

standard carpus rad views

Answer 18

Question 19

Dorsopalmar (DP) carpus positioning

Answer 19

Question 20

lateromedial LM carpus positioning

Answer 20

Question 21

Flexed LM carpus rads

Answer 21

Question 22

standard tarsal radiographic views

Answer 22

Question 23

dorsoplantar DP tarsal joint rads

Answer 23

Question 24

Dorsolateral-plantaromedial tarsal positioning (oblique)

Answer 24

-dorsoLATERAL-PLANTAROmedial
Whatever is in the center is isolated together

-important distal intermediate ridge of tibia highlighted in orange, horses can get Osteochondrosis here so important structure**

Question 25

normal anatomical variants of horse tarsus

Answer 25

-dont mistake for osteophyte which are non common in proximal intertarsal joint -normal varient -flattenening and concave depression on lateral trocheal tali

Question 26

standard views of the stifle

Answer 26

Question 27

lateral medial stifle view positioning

Answer 27

Question 28

caudocranial view of stifle

Answer 28

-20 degree proximal angel so no longer parallel to the ground so that it is easier to place cassette inbetween horse flank -patella is more lateral in horses to the femur* -Normal concavity of femoral condyles, the concave condyle is the medial one -Medial eminence of the intercondular eminance is larger than the lateral**

Question 29

caudolateral-craniomedial oblique stifle positioning

Answer 29

-isolates femoral condyles -everything lateral is projecting cranially

Question 30

standard rad views of the head

Answer 30

Question 31

lateral-lateral head rad positioning

Answer 31

-cant fit whole head in one view so take some in area of interest more cranial or more caudal

Question 32

horses basisphenoid-basioccipital bone

Answer 32

-space between bones (suture) will be seen until 5 years old -trauma can cause avulsion fracture in this region

Question 33

horse head dorsoventral view positioning

Answer 33

-may need to take multiple depending on are of interest

Question 34

Oblique views (Latero-30-dorsal-lateroventral) positioning horse head

Answer 34

- to isolate Left maxillary teeth

Question 35

Oblique views (Latero-30-ventral-laterodorsal)

Answer 35

- isolating L mandibular teeth

Question 36

standard cervical spine views

Answer 36

-start caudally then move cranially to get rads of all cervical vertebra

Question 37

Ultrasound of tendon and ligaments horses label proxmal level 1

Answer 37

A: Skin B: SDFT C: DDFT D: Check E: Suspensory

Question 38

ultrasound of tendons and ligaments distal limb level 3c label

Answer 38

1: Intersesamoidean ligament 2: Proximal sesamoid bones 3: DDFT 4: SDFT 5: Palmar/plantar annular ligament

Question 39

anatomy of tendoms and ligaments from proximal to distal

Answer 39

Proximal MC3/MT3 * SDFT most superficial -> DDFT -> check -> suspensory Mid MC3/MT3 mid MC3/MT3: * Check ligament joins DDFT Distal MC3/MT3: * SDFT most superficial -> DDFT -> suspensory * Suspensory ligament divide into two branches -flattens out

Question 40

lesion assessment of tendons and ligements what to look at and how

Answer 40

* Size * Shape * Echogenicity * Both longitudinal and cross- sectional area * Non-weight bearing, off angle * Comparison with contralateral side * Acute vs. chronic * ACUTE: enlargement, hypoechoic * CHRONIC: hyperechoic areas