Equine Musculoskeletal 4

Question 1

What are the 4 muscle groups of the hip and thigh?

Answer 1

gluteals, hamstrings, adductors, quadriceps

Question 2

List the 4 gluteal mm.

Answer 2

tensor fascia latae, superficial gluteal, middle gluteal, deep gluteal

Question 3

Where does the middle gluteal insert?

Answer 3

third trochanter

Question 4

Tensor fasciae latae action

Answer 4

flex hip

Question 5

Superficial gluteal action

Answer 5

flex hip

Question 6

Middle gluteal action

Answer 6

extend hip

Question 7

Deep gluteal action

Answer 7

flex hip

Question 8

What is the origin of the hamstrings?

Answer 8

caudal vertebra and sacrosciatic ligament and ischial tuberosity

Question 9

List the hamstrings

Answer 9

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 10

What are the adductors

Answer 10

sartorius, gracilis, adductor, pectineus

Question 11

What additional action does sartorius have other than adduct the hip?

Answer 11

flexes hip

Question 12

List the 4 heads of quadriceps femoris

Answer 12

vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius

Question 13

Insertion of the heads of quadriceps femoris

Answer 13

vastus lateralis- femur
vastus medialis- femus
rectus femoris- coxal bone
vastus intermedius- femur

Question 14

Actions of the heads of quadriceps femoris

Answer 14

vastus lateralis- extends stifle
vastus medialis- extends stifle
rectus femoris- extends stifle and flexes hip
vastus intermedius- extends stifle

Question 15

Insertion of the heads of quadriceps femoris

Answer 15

on patella or parapatellar cartilage

Question 16

Craniolateral muscles of the leg

Answer 16

cranial tibial, long digital extensor, lateral digital extensor

Question 17

Long digital extensor OIA

Answer 17

O: extensor fossa femur
I: extensor process P3
A:

Question 18

Lateral digital extensor OIA

Answer 18

O:
I:
A:

Question 19

What is the fibrous strand of connective tissue that runs with cranial tibial m. and long digital extensor m.

Answer 19

peroneus tertius

Question 20

What is the functional significance of peroneus tertius?

Answer 20

crosses stifle and hock, ensures they have the same action at the same time (reciprocal apparatus)

Question 21

What does the cranial tibial tendon divide into?

Answer 21

medial branch- cunean tendon
dorsal tendon of cranial tibial m.

Question 22

What does peroneus tertius divide into

Answer 22

dorsal tendon of peroneus teritus
lateral tendon of peroneus tertius

Question 23

Where does the cunean tendon insert

Answer 23

tarsal I/II

Question 24

Where does the dorsal tendon of peroneus tertius insert

Answer 24

metatarsal tuberosity of the cannon bone

Question 25

Where does the lateral tendon of peroneus tertius insert

Answer 25

tarsal IV

Question 26

Which tendon of the hock has a bursa?

Answer 26

cunean tendon

Question 27

List the long digital extensor retinaculum from proximal to distal

Answer 27

proximal extensor retinaculum->middle extensor retinaculum->distal extensor retinaculum

Question 28

List the caudal muscles of the crus

Answer 28

popliteus, gastrocnemius, soleus, SDF, DDF

Question 29

What makes up the common calcaneal tendon

Answer 29

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, soleus, SDF

Question 30

Where does gastrocnemius insert?

Answer 30

calcanean tuber

Question 31

Where does SDF insert

Answer 31

flexor surfaces of P1 and P2

Question 32

What is the purpose of the reciprocal apparatus?

Answer 32

makes sure the stifle and hock do the same action at the same time

Question 33

List the heads of the DDF

Answer 33

medial, lateral, tibial heads

Question 34

Which flexor has a check ligament?

Answer 34

DDF has reduced distal check ligament

Question 35

Where does DDF insert

Answer 35

P3

Question 36

How many bursa does tarus have

Answer 36

calcaneal bursa under SDF, bursa under DDF, cunean ligament bursa

Question 37

What binds down tendons

Answer 37

retinacula

Question 38

What is the stay apparatus

Answer 38

patella is brought proximally over medial trochlea ridge of femur and locks into place

Question 39

What prevents hyperextension and collapse of MCP, PIP, and DIP joints

Answer 39

distal limb soft tissue structures