Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Equine > Equine nutrition, welfare + first opinion practice > Flashcards

Equine nutrition, welfare + first opinion practice Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Theory behind crib biting and what are the complications

A

Strong assocaition with concentrate feeding; biting increases just after this
- May relate to gastric acid

Potential issues = gastric ulcers, teeth wear, epiploic entrapment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes ‘fizzy’ behaviour in horses

A

Glucose spikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cresty neck scoring 0-5

A

0: no palpable crest
1: no visible crest but can palpate
2: noticeable crest but with even fat distribution; can be cupped in one hand and can be moved side to side
3: Enlarged crest with more fat in middle; hard to move side to side
4: Crossly enlarged crest; may have creases
5: cresh droops to one side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Body weight calculation from measurements in horses

A

BW (kg) = [girth^2 x length]/11800

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much of the diet should be roughage

A

50% by weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the daily DMI for horses in terms of body weight for maintenance

A

2.5-3% body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many calories per kg body weight does a horse need for maintenance

A

33.3kcal/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What % of ration should be protein for growing vs mature horses

A

Growing: 15% (geriatric similar too)
Mature: 8-10%

Normally can get enough protein from forage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the potential side effects of feeding oil to horses

A

Loose faeces
Vit E deficiency (should supplement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why might we choose to give horses oil in feed

A

To avoid concentrates in horses with gastric ulcers/to avoid ‘fizzy’ behaviour due to glucose spikes
+ helps with skin disease and allergic airway syndrome

Also useful in geriatric horses when hard to get calories in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much water do horses need per day

A

5L/100kg
(extra 12kg per day if lactating)
= ~25L/day for a TB horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If we want a horse to lose weight how much DMI should it be fed

A

1.5-2% BW + supplementation with balancer of multivitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is equine obesity bad

A

Increased risk of laminitis
And of equine metabolic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should a geriatric horse diet look like

A

Higher protein of better quality + vegetable ol + vit C
Avoid too much calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What measure in blood to we use to reflect protein status

A

Serum protein-albumin
- Will be low in liver disease, protein losing enteropathy/nephropathy + severe parasitism or blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is PPID

A

= Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Equine Cushing’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Signs of PPID in horses

A

Polyuria/polydipsia
Hairy long coat
Excessive sweating
Pot belly due to muscle loss

+ prone to laminitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do we treat PPID and what side effect should we be aware of

A

pergolide (=dopamine receptor antagonist); adverse effects on appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Care when feeding PPID horses

A

Prone to laminitis so don’t want to give too much sugar; use soaked hay or old lower quality hay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do we have to be careful with starving donkeys (and ponies)

A

Risk of hyperlipaemia which can be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dietary changes for horse with liver disease

A

Give high quality protein but don’t overload
More sugary diets
Avoid fat as metabolised by liver; avoid wheat/oats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is exertional rhabdomyolysis

A

exercise associated muscle damage
- Present with stiff horse, haematuria
Should give diet with more fat (since unable to store) + lower starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Medical treatment of osteoarthritis in horses

Study These Flashcards
A

Intra-articular steroids
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans or hyaluronic acid
NSAIDs

24
Q

What factors can cause higher incidence of stereotypic behaviours (welfare)

Study These Flashcards
A

Social isolation
Lower time at pasture (more time stabled)
Lack of environmental enrichment

25
Requirements of a stable
Large enough to lie down, temp appropriate, sufficient ventilation, good bedding Access to fresh water + should be able to spend most of day feeding
26
Which order should we bring horses in from the field in
Hierarchy order; starting with most dominant
27
What type of handling do we use with a foal
Tight handling in sight of the mother
28
Signs of pain in horses
Posture = front foot pointed, hindlimbs tucked in Colic rolling Reduced movement Depression Increased heart rate/resp rate Masseter muscle tension Clenched teeth (bruxism)
29
What is habituation
exposure to full stimulus until they become less frightened; probably not very good
30
What is desensitisation
Gradual introduction to the stimulus
31
What is counter-conditioning
Training a horse to associate frightening stimuli with positive experience
32
Differences in pain expression in donkeys vs horses
More stoic; see low heart/breathing rate even in very painful conditions - Need higher dosage of NSAIDs
33
Problems associated with dressage work in hrses
Back pain, SDF tendonitis, prox suspensory ligament desmitis
34
Problems associated with endurance training in horses
Hyperthermia and dehydration; musculoskeletal injuries, myopathies, colic Have vet checks enroute
35
5 types of vaccine
Inactivated = no virulence; most common Protein/subunity = non virulent but wear inducers of cell-mediated immunity Live = can replicate in organism at lower capacity = more efficacious Toxoid Recombinant DNA; uses genetically engineered DNA to express proteins
36
What is an adjuvant
Chemicals, microbial components or mammalian proteins tat enhanec the immune response to a vaccine = potentiation of faccine
37
What is it that causes vaccine reactions
The adjuvant used rather than the vaccine itself
38
Which diseases are commonly vaccinated against in hoses
Equine influenza Equine herpes virus; EHV-1,4 Strangles Rotavirus Tetanus
39
Vaccination protocol for equine influenza
First vaccine; then second ~6 weeks later Then first booster within 7 months of 2nd vaccine Then yearly boosters (or 6 monthly for racehorses)
40
Difference between how equine influenza affects donkeys compared with horses
Much more virulent in donkeys
41
Tetanus vaccination course
2 injects 4-6 weeks apart (from 3-6 months old depending on dam immunity) Then boosters every 1-3 years
42
Rotavirus vaccination protocol
Want to vaccinate pregnant mares to give colostral immunity to foals > Give at 8, 9 and 10 months of gestation
43
Equine herpes virus vaccination protocol etc
To avoid abortion storms NB: inactivated vaccine does not protect against NEUROLOGICAL FORM of disease 2 doses 4-6 weeks apart; then 6monthly boosters - Can give to foals from 5 months old Give to pregnant mares at 5, 7 and 9 months gestation
44
New strangles vaccine
= recombinant protein vaccine from Strep Equi Good because DIVA compatible
45
What care must we take when preparing to give equire viral arteritis vaccine
Should have a sero-ve blood test first and documentation on passport BECAUSE not DIVA compatible + DO NOT GIVE TO PREGNANT MARES
46
Vaccination protocol for equine viral arteritis
(from 9 months old): 2 doses 3-6 weeks apart Then boosters every 6 months
47
Two types of adverse reactions
1) Idiosyncratic: should report to drug manufacturer and VMD = unexpected 2) Dose-related = normal
48
What is the purpose of a pre-purchase exam
See if animal is suitable for a particular use Identify medical conditions/lameness at a specific snapshot in time
49
What is a 2 stage PPP vetting
Stage 1: thorough clinical exam; palpation of limbs, auscultation, examination of eyes in dark stable using opthalmoscope Stage 2: watching horse walking and trotting in hand in straight line on hard, level surface including flexion test + usually do small circle trotting
50
What extra does 5 stage PPP vetting include
Stage 3 = strenuous exercise observation e;g under saddle Stage 4 = time to rest after exercise Stage 5 = second examination of trotting in hand to see whether strenuous exercise exacerbated an underlying lameness KEY DIFFERENCE = RIDDEN COMPONENT
51
Why do we take and store a blood sample during PPP
To test for substances e.g pain killers, sedatives later on if concerns after purchase
52
What are 'conditionally acceptable' methods of horse euthanasia in UK
Free bullet GA and intra-thecal lidocaine Sedation and aortic cut (if no other methods available)
53
What are always accepted methods for euthanasia in UK
Lethal injection Captive bolt
54
Indications for use of free bullet
Owner preference Poor venous access; so hard to place catheter etc
55
How is lethal injection done
Overdose of barbiturates Components = secobarbital sodium, cinchocaine hydrochloride (may sedate first too) Always IV using catheter
56
How does captive bolt killing work
Use captive bolt to do percussive stunning THEN to kill animal use pithing of the brainstem
57
Signs of an effective stun in captive bolt killing
collapse, no rhythmic breathing, fixed, glazed expression, no corneal reflex, relaxed jaw with tongue hanging out

Equine (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions