Equine Obstetrics and Dystocia Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Equine Obstetrics and Dystocia Deck (14)
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1
Q

Dystocia is less common than in the _____

A

Bovine

2
Q

______ are rare in mares, but they do occur

A

Hydrops conditions

3
Q

Management of dystocia

A
  • practice w/ cattle
  • clean, safe environment
  • restraint
  • epidural
  • recumbent: be able to lift hind end
  • lubrication
4
Q

4 procedures utilized to resolve dystocia

A
  • assisted vaginal delivery
  • controlled vaginal delivery
  • fetotomy
  • c section
5
Q

Assisted vaginal delivery

A

Mare is awake and delivery of an intact foal is accomplished per vagina +/- epidural

6
Q

Rules to follow during traction

A
  • should be stopped before it becomes dangerous
  • birth tract should be fully relaxed and lubricated
  • is done to support max natural expulsive forces
  • should be minimal to help, not replace, natural forces
  • never use forced extraction
  • synchronize traction with abdominal straining
7
Q

Controlled vaginal delivery

A

Mare is anesthetized and clinician is in complete control of delivery
- intact foal per vagina

8
Q

Fetotomy

A

Dead fetus is removed in more than one piece, +/- anesthesia, standing or recumbent, may need epidural

  • limit the number of times you go in/out of the urogenital tract
  • fetotome, embryotomy knife, OB wire
  • lube!!
9
Q

Cesarean section

A

Fetus is removed surgically through an incision in the uterus
- hospital, general anesthesia, sterile

10
Q

Trauma from or during parturition or dystocia

A
  • middle uterine artery rupture
  • rectal-vaginal tear
  • cervical tears
  • uterine tears
  • uterine prolapse
11
Q

Uterine torsion

A

Longitudinal twisting of uterus

  • 180-360 degrees
  • lead to colic, dystocia, both
  • twist can occur anterior or posterior to the cervix
  • suspect if you have colic in mid-late term mare
  • colic exam, rectal, vaginal exam
12
Q

Treatment options for torsion

A
  • manual manipulation via rectum or vagina
  • roll mare under general anesthesia
  • torsion to the right, lay mare on right side
  • torsion to left, lay mare on left side
13
Q

Hydrops mare

A

Either the fetus or placenta is abnormal

- take catheter into cervix to slowly remove fluid

14
Q

Agalactia

A

Due to fescue (toxic endophyte)

  • mare does not have milk 2-3 weeks prior to predicted foaling
  • etiology can be verified by P4
  • domperidone, reserpine
  • treatment results in milk –> most foals will need to be supplemented with colostrum