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Large Animal Anatomy > Equine Osteology > Flashcards

Equine Osteology Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

what is another name for the scapula of a horse

A

pectoral girdle

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2
Q

how is the scapula / forelimb attached to the rest of the body

A

synsarcosis
(bone to the body through muscle attachments)

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3
Q

what group of muscles attach the forelimb to the body

A

extrinsic muscles

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4
Q

what creates the ‘arm’ of the horse

A

humerus

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5
Q

what bones make up the forearm

A

radius & ulna

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6
Q

what bones make up the manus

A
  1. carpal bones
  2. metacarpal bones
  3. phalanges (all 3)
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7
Q

what is prominent of the equine scapula

A

scapular cartilage

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8
Q

what is the blunt process of the scapula

A

spine

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9
Q

what is not present on the scapula at the distal end that is present in the cat and dog

A

acromion is not present in the horse

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10
Q

what scapular tuberosity is present in the horse and pig but less developed in the ox and cat

A

spinal tuber / tuberosity

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11
Q

what is blunt but well developed on the scapula of the horse on the distal end

A

supra-glenoid tubercle

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12
Q

what is the origin of the Biceps brachii m.

A

supra-glenoid tubercle

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13
Q

what is the ratio between the supraspinous and infraspinous fossas

A

1:2

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14
Q

what form the dorsal border of the scapula

A

scapular cartilage

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15
Q

what is the result of the well formed scapular cartilage

A

elongated dorsal border

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16
Q

what is present on the proximal extremity of the humerus

A
  1. greater & lesser tubercle
  2. intermediate tubercle
  3. intertubercular groove / bicipital groove
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17
Q

what structure is unique to the horse humerus

A

intermediate tubercle

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18
Q

True or False:

The greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus are not divided

A

FALSE
They both have a cranial and caudal part to them

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19
Q

what divides the intertubercular groove

A

intermediate tubercle

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20
Q

what are the characteristics of the body of the humerus

A
  • twisted shaft
  • brachial groove / musculospiral groove
  • more deep and twisted
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21
Q

True or False:

The radius and ulna of a horse are fused

A

true

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22
Q

because of the fusion of the radius and ulna, what is not a possible movement of the equine forelimb

A

pronation & supination (rotation)

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23
Q

which bone of the radius/ulna is well developed

A

radial tuberosity

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24
Q

what bone is not fully developed in the antebrachium

A

ulna

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25
where is the ulna present in the antebrachium
distal 1/3 of radius
26
how many interosseus spaces are present in the antebrachium of the horse
1
27
what type of bones are present in the carpus
irregular bones
28
how many rows of bones are present in the carpus
2 rows
29
how many bones are present in the proximal bone of the carpus
4
30
what bones are present in the proximal row of the carpus
-radial carpal - intermediate carpal -ulna carpal -accessory carpal bone
31
what is the only bone of the carpus to which muscles attach
accessory carpal bone
32
which carpal bone in the distal row of a horse is inconsistent
1st
33
in the ruminant, how many carpal bones are present in the distal row
2
34
describe the distal row of bones in the carpus of the ruminants
2nd & 3rd are fused 4th carpal present
35
how many metacarpal bones are present
3
36
which metacarpal bones make up the splint bones
2 = medial splint 4 = lateral splint
37
what does metacarpal 3 form
cannon bone
38
True or False: all metacarpal bones are weight bearing
FALSE ONLY metacarpal 3 is weight bearing
39
what is located on the dorsomedial aspect of the proximal extremity of the cannon bone
metacarpal tuberosity
40
what inserts on the metacarpal tuberosity
extensor carpi radialis m.
41
what is palpable on the distal end of the cannon bone as a landmark for nerve blocks
buttons ( ends of the splint bones)
42
how many phalanges are present
3
43
how many digits are formed by the phalanges
1
44
which phalanges create the pastern bones
proximal and middle
45
what is the common name for the proximal phalange
long pastern bone
46
what is the common name for the middle phalange
short pastern
47
what is the common name for the distal phalange
coffin / pedal bone
48
which phalange shows rough areas for attachments of distal sesamoidean ligaments on the plantar aspect
proximal (P1)
49
what is present on the plantar side of P1 created by the sesamoidean bones and ligaments
triangular area / triagon
50
what is the name of the ridge on the dorsal end of the coffin bone
extensor process
51
where are vessels and nerves housed in the coffin bone
parietal groove
52
what is used for attachment for the common digital extensor tendon on the coffin bone
extensor process
53
what is present on the pedal bone to help with concussion absorption and venous drainage
ungual / collateral / lateral cartilage
54
what are the surfaces of the distal phalanx
dorsal surface solar surface articular surface
55
what separates the solar surface into a dorsal and palmar part
semilunar line (rough line)
56
what is the insertion point of the deep digital flexor tendon
flexor surface of the distal phalanx on the palmar aspect
57
what is used to accommodate terminal branches of the planter/ palmar proper digital arteries
solar foramina
58
what is formed inside the pedal bone by the anastomosis of terminal palmar digital terminating arteries
terminal arch
59
how many sesamoid bones are present in the forelimb
1 proximal 2 distal
60
where is the proximal sesamoid bone found
plantar side - at metatarsophalangeal articulation
61
where are the distal sesamoid bones found
plantar side at the distal interphalangeal articulation
62
what bone do the distal sesamoid bones articulate with
flat bone / navicular bone

Large Animal Anatomy (3 decks)

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