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RUSVM Parasitology > Equine Parasites: Playtyhelminthes and Arthropods > Flashcards

Equine Parasites: Playtyhelminthes and Arthropods Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the equine cestode parasites we are studying?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna

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2
Q

What are some general facts that all cestodes have in common?

A

1 intermediate host
Attach with scolex and suckers
Egg is called oncosphere
Dipylidium caninum is the model

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3
Q

Which is more common? A. perfoliata or A. magna?

A

A. perfoliata

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4
Q

Which cestode is larger? A. perfoliata or A. magna?

A

A. magna (80 cm vs. 4 cm)

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5
Q

Which cestode has “lappets” ?

A

A. perfoliata

Perfoliata= laPPets

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6
Q

What do the eggs of A. perfoliata and A. magna look like?

A

50-80 Mm
Irregular shape
Contains small hexicanth embryo

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7
Q

Describe the life cycle of A. perfoliata and A. magna.

A

Mature segments pass in feces
Eggs are released
Eggs ingested by mites
Eggs develop into cysticercoid inside the mite
Infected mite with cysticercoid ingested by the horse while grazing

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8
Q

What is the PPP of A. perfoliata and A. magna?

A

1-2 months

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9
Q

What is the intermediate host of A. perfoliata and A. magna?

A

forage mite or oribatid

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10
Q

Is seasonality associated with A. perfoliata and A. magna?

A

No

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11
Q

Where is the site of infection for A. perfoliata?

A

Cecum. More specifically, the ileocecal valve

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12
Q

Where does A. magna infect?

A

Small intestine

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13
Q

Heavy infections of A. _______ cause ulcerations.

A

A. perfoliata

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14
Q

What can a heavy infection of A. perfoliata do to the ileocecal valve? To the terminal ileum or cecum?

A

Cause partial occlusion or intussusception of the terminal ileum or cecum

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15
Q

How do you diagnose A. perfoliata and A. magna?

A

Use centrifugation and fecal flotation
Use sedimentation
Use ELISA

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16
Q

How are A. perfoliata and A. magna treated?

A

Praziquantel

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17
Q

Is A. perfoliata or A. magna more pathogenic?

A

A. perfoliata is more pathogenic

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18
Q

Which equine parasitic flies are we studying?

A 
Gasterophilus spp. 
Musca autumnalis
Stomoxys calcitrans
Culicoides spp.
Tabanus spp. 
Chrysops spp.
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19
Q

What is the common name for Gasterophilus spp. ?

A

Bot fly larvae

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20
Q

Describe the life cycle of Gasterophilus spp.

A

Egg
Larva
Puparium
Adult

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21
Q

Where are you most likely to find the eggs of Gasterophilus intestinalis?

A

On the forelegs and shoulders

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22
Q

Where are you most likely to find the 3rd instars of Gasterophilus intestinalis?

A

Non-glandular stomach and cardiac region of stomach

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23
Q

Where will you find the eggs of Gasterophilus nasalis?

A

Intermandibular spaces

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24
Q

Where will you find the 3rd instars of Gasterophilus nasalis?

A

Pylorus and duodenum

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25
Which egg will hatch into a 1st instar when licked (of the two Gasterophilus species)?
Gasterophilus intestinalis
26
Where does the 1st instar develop into the 2nd instar?
In the oral cavity
27
When does the 2nd instar change into the 3rd instar?
When swallowed
28
How long can a 3rd instar live inside the horse?
12 months
29
What color is Gasterophilus intestinalis in fresh feces?
Red
30
What color is Gasterophilus nasalis in fresh feces?
Yellow
31
Where does infestation of Gasterophilus intestinalis 3rd instar occur?
Stomach
32
Where does infestation of Gasterophilus nasalis 3rd instar occur?
Small intestine
33
What reaction can attached instars cause?
Inflammatory rxn
34
What are clinical signs of Gasterophilus spp. ?
Fly worry
35
What is the common name for Musca autumnalis?
Face Fly
36
How big are adults of Musca autumnalis?
5.5-7.5 mm
37
What is unique about the mouthparts of adult Musca autumnalis?
They are developed for sponging
38
Where would you find Musca autumnalis eggs?
Laid in feces or rotting organic material
39
What is the site of infection for Musca autumnalis?
Animal secretions and wounds
40
Is there pathogenesis associated with Musca autumnalis?
Yes, mechanical transmission of viruses, bacteria, helminths and protozoa.
41
What are some clinical signs associated with Musca autumnalis?
Annoyance interferes with grazing and performance | Conjunctivitis
42
What is the common name of Stomoxys calcitrans
Stable fly, biting housefly
43
What are hosts for Stomoxys calcitrans?
Most animals and humans
44
How big are Stomoxys calcitrans adults?
5.5-7.5, just like Musca autumnalis
45
Describe the mouthparts of Stomoxys calcitrans.
Rigid, conspicuous, and forward facing
46
Describe the life cycle of Stomoxys calcitrans.
Egg-Larva-Pupae-Adult
47
What does Stomoxys calcitrans feed on?
BLOOD
48
How many minutes does Stomoxys calcitrans need to finish a blood meal?
3 minutes
49
Where would you find Stomoxys calcitrans eggs?
On decaying matter, like damp hay
50
What is the site of infection for Stomoxys calcitrans?
Generalized
51
Is a pathogenesis associated with Stomoxys calcitrans?
Yes. Can transmit disease organisms
52
What are some clinical signs of Stomoxys calcitrans infection?
Increased head and ear movement Skin twitches Tail swishes
53
How is Stomoxys calcitrans diagnosed?
ID the fly
54
How do you treat and prevent Stomoxys calcitrans?
Screens, sanitation, insecticides TREAT the horse and the environment DO NOT treat compost.
55
Why would you not want to treat the compost in a Stomoxys calcitrans infestation?
Because there may be natural controllers of Stomoxys calcitrans, and you would ruin the balance.
56
What is the common name of Culicoides spp.?
Biting midges | No See Ums
57
How big are Culicoides spp. adults?
TINY 1.5- 5mm
58
Describe the appearance of Culicoides spp.
Only females suck blood Dark and light patches on mottled wings Long and slender antennae Short, piercing proboscis
59
Where would you find Culicoides spp. eggs?
Damp, marshy ground | Pupae will be at the edge of the water
60
T or F: Culicoides spp. males and females both suck blood.
False. Only females suck blood
61
What is the site of infection for Culicoides spp.?
Generalized
62
Is there pathogenesis associated with Culicoides spp.?
Yes, can transmit protozoa, helminths (Onchocerca) and viruses.
63
Is the bite of Culicoides spp. painful? What does the bite cause in some horses?
YES. Some horses have an allergic rxn
64
How is Culicoides spp. diagnosed?
ID the fly
65
What is the common name for Tabanus spp.?
Horsefly/ Gadfly
66
What does the Tabanus spp. look like?
Stout body, 10-50 mm
67
What kind of mouthparts does Tabanus spp. have?
Slashing and sponging
68
Where would you find Tabanus spp. eggs?
in muddy or marshy areas
69
How long is the whole cycle of Tabanus spp.?
4-5 months
70
What is the site of infection for Tabanus spp.?
Generalized
71
How is Tabanus spp. unique in regards to its feeding habits?
Has a painful bite Will feed during the day Several small meals- Interrupted feeding behavior Prefer dark objects and will bite through colored clothing
72
How does Tabanus spp. locate its host?
Through vision and CO2
73
What does the interrupted feeding behavior of Tabanus spp. increase the likelihood of?
Being mechanical vectors of disease
74
What are clinical signs associated with Tabanus spp.?
Annoyance
75
What is the common name of Chrysops spp.?
Deer Fly
76
What are some characteristics of Chrysops spp. appearance?
Elongate antennae | Dark bands on wings
77
What is unique about the feeding behavior of Chrysops spp.?
It bites horses in the shade, so horses will stand in the sun to avoid it Painful bite
78
How is Chrysops spp. diagnosed?
ID the fly, take shade into consideration
79
How is Chrysops spp. treated?
Insecticides and repellents

RUSVM Parasitology (5 decks)

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