Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition Year 1 > Equine Rationing > Flashcards

Equine Rationing Flashcards

1
Q

What is dry matter?

A

quantity of feed when moisture is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is ‘as fed’?

A

quantity of feed including the moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are nutrient requirements?

A
  • Ration evaluations are there to compare nutrient intake with requirement.
  • In the UK we use the National Research Council (NRC) nutrient recommendations.
  • Other associations include INRA (France), German Feeding Standards (GEH) and the Japanese feeding Standards.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nutrients are required?

A
  • Forages alone will very rarely meet mineral requirements.

* Minerals are vulnerable to interactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the shortfalls of the NRC?

A

•NRC values represent the minimumrequirements for most nutrients.
•There is no allowance for a safety margin.
–Disease, nutrient bio-availability, parasites, biological variations, stress, nutrient inter-relationships can all increase a horse’s nutrient requirements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much should a horse be fed?

A

•Horse must be fed enough Chemical Energy for maintenance plus work or pregnancy/lactation
•Energy delivered using:
–MegaJoulesof Digestible Energy (MJDE) in the UK
–USA MegaCals(MCal) –Also NRC (2007) Requirements
•To convert Megacalsto megajoules multiply MegaCalsby 4.183
•e.g. 16.4 (Mcal) x 4.183 = 68.6 (MJoules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are feeds formulated?

A
  • Feeds are formulated to complement average forage
  • Work to the requirements set by the NRC
  • Different ingredients are chosen for different types of energy, requirements etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What factors affect feeding?

A
  • health
  • Reproductive status
  • age
  • Temperament
  • workload or energy requirements
  • weight and condition
  • current diet and management
  • Seasonal changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is it important to assess workload?

A 
Energy and calories are the same thing!
Digestible Energy (DE MJ/kg)-a guide to the level of energy/calories the feed is likely to give.
Low energy/calorie = 7.5-10 MJ/kg
Medium energy/calorie = 10-12 MJ/kg
High energy/calorie = >12 MJ/kg
As workload increases so do requirements
THEREFORE
It is important to choose a feed appropriate for that workload

people over estimate what type of work horses are in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why should we assess weight and conditioning?

A

not over or under feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can we check the body weight of a horse?

A

weigh tape
weigh bridge
calculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How should we feed an over weight horse?

A

feeding eg; pony nuts by the handful is pointless as need full scoops to have a balanced diet

should feed a low cal balancer instead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How should we feed an underweight horse?

A

feeding increasing meal sizes- go through quickly and can’t absorb it all

feed small and often or feed higher concentrated feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How should you feed a lazy horse?

A

check if the diet is balanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much should you feed a horse with too much energy?

A

•Check not over-feeding.
–Remember calories & energy are the same.
–Need to source calories from non-heating sources.
•Avoid traditional cereals e.g. oats, barley, wheat and maize.
•Cubes vs Mix
•Use high fibre and fat diets for calories if needed.
•Feed balancers if weight gain not required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How should you feed a lazy horse?

A

check if the diet is balanced

lazy due to fitness

17
Q

How can an unbalanced diet effect health?

A
  • laminitus
  • liver
  • tying up
  • poor dentition
  • cushings
  • HYPP
  • EMS
  • Allergies
  • RAO
  • Choke
  • Gastric ulcers
  • DODs
  • Colic
18
Q

Why does reproductive status effect feeding?

A 
different stages require different quantities of feed
Pregnancy
From conceptionto term
1.5-2
LateLactation
4-6 months of lactation
2-3
EarlyLactation
1-3 months of lactation
2.5-3.5
Weanling
4-6 months
2.25-2.75
Weanling
6-12 months
2.75-3.25
Yearling
12-18 months
2.25-2.75
Long Yearling
18-24 months
2-2.5
2 year old
At rest
1.75-2.25
19
Q

How does age effect feeding?

A 
OLD
•Main changes in the older horse?
-less workload
-less teeth
•When to start feeding a senior feed?
–No set age where requirements change
–Changes such as weight loss or loss of muscle condition may prompt a change

YOUNG
•Highest requirements for growth during the first 12 months
–Higher quality protein and mineral requirement
–Growth monitoring chart
•Developmental Orthopaedic Disease (DOD’s)
–Usually combination of factors involved: trauma, genetics, nutrition
(High energy diet +
Inadequate supply of minerals=
Developmental problems)
•When to start feeding an adult feed?

20
Q

What seasonal changes do we have to consider?

A 
–Forage
–Management/routine
–Body condition/weight
–Exercise
–Temperament/behaviour
21
Q

How do we quantify forage intake?

A

•Need to work in DMin order to quantify nutrient content
•Hay
•Haylage
–Moisture content 40-60%
–Assume 50% DM
–If I needed 60MJDE from a haylagewith a DE of 10MJ/kg
–60/10 = 6kg DM
–BUT my haylageis 50%DM= 3kg of this haylageis water!
–So 6/(50/100) =12kg ‘as fed’

22
Q

What is pasture intake?

A

•Essential to have an idea HOWEVER almost impossible to gauge
–Lots of variables
•Studies report DM intakes ranging from 1.5-5.2% BW
•Using a mean of ~3% BW a 500kg horse would consume 15kg DM in a 24 hour period on good grass
–Just over 0.6kg DM/hour as a VERY rough guide
•1 very heaped Stubbs scoop of fresh grass
–= ~0.5kg fresh weight
–Taking the moisture content into account = 0.075-0.1kg DM500kg horse ~0.6kg DM/hour = 6-9 scoops/hr!

23
Q

How do you calculate an estimation of grass intake?

A

(No. hours/24) (intake%/100) x BW= Amount of grass DM
e.g. for a 500kg horse out for 12 hours
No. of hours: 12/24 = 0.5
Intake: 3% of bodyweight on good quality grazing (use 2 for average and 1 for poor)
BW = 500
0.5(3/100) x 500= 7.5kg DM of grass

24
Q

What are the seasonal changes of grazing?

A
  • Dry matter values vary depending on rainfall, temperature and other environmental factors
  • Fibre, protein and soluble CHO values also range depending on the maturity and species of the grass
25
Q

What are the two main methods of rationing?

A

predictive method

assessment method

26
Q

How do you work out forage:concentration ration?

A

•Depends on type of forage and concentrate feed
–For example –concentrate feeds e.g. balancer, high oil feeds fed by mugful
•Seek to maximise forage intake
•Ensure at least the minimum requirement for forage is met

Nutrition Year 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions