EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
owning costs, operating labour costs and operating fuel costs of
equipment are most important in selection of equipment.
A
Economic Considerations
2
Q
governedby itspolicyon ‘owning’or‘renting
A
2.Company-specific
3
Q
site conditions - both ground conditions as well as climatic conditions - may
affectthe equipment-selectiondecision
A
Site-specific
4
Q
actors, features, or considerations that are unique to a particular type,
size, or model of equipment, affecting its selection, operation, or compatibility with other
machinery
A
Equipment-specific -
5
Q
equipment selection considerations based on the client’s
preferences,project schedule,quality, andsafety requirements.
A
Client- and Project-specific
6
Q
a company’s preference for a familiar manufacturer or dealer for
uniformity, cost savings, andreliable service.
A
Manufacturer-specific
7
Q
equipment selection based on manpower availability and the need for
automationor skilledoperators.
A
Labour Consideration
8
Q
For excavation below
the ground (lower
elevation)
A
Backhoe
9
Q
For excavation above
its own track or wheel
leve
A
Shovel or
front shove
10
Q
For bulk excavation in
loose soils below its
own track level
A
Dragline
11
Q
For deep confined
cuttinginpits,trenches
A
Clamshellor
grab
12
Q
For moving earth up to
a distance of about
100 m, shallow
excavation, and acting
as a towing tractor and
pusher to scraper
machines
A
Dozers
13
Q
For compaction of
earth or other
materials
A
Roller
compactor
14
Q
For site stripping and
levelling, loading,
hauling and
discharging over long
distances
A
Scraper
15
Q
For horizontal
transportation of
materials on and off
sites
A
Dumper
16
Q
For spreading fill and
fine-trimming the subgrade. Grader
performs a follow-up
operation to scraping
or bulldozing
A
Grader
17
Q
usedtolift a lower heavy loads
A
Leve Hoists -
18
Q
- a mechanism that exerts a force for lifting or lowering an object by utilizing a
drum or lift wheel around which rope or chain wraps
A
Chain Hoists
19
Q
- a mechanical lifting device that uses electrical power to move a
rope or wire rope ,which is used to raise or lower loads
A
Electric Wire Rope Hoists
20
Q
utilize a rotary or piston-driven motor powered by compressed air
A
.Pneumatic Piston Hoists
21
Q
makes use of compressed air to facilitate the lifting of heavy loads
A
Pneumatic Chain Hoists
22
Q
designed to used chain or wire rope.
A
Pneumatic Wire Rope hoists-
23
Q
a type of machine equipped with a hoist rope, chains ,or sheaves, and used to
lower, lift, and move heavy or bulk construction materials around
A
Tower Crane
24
Q
the large construction sites most strategic equipment for
productivity
A
Top-slewing tower cranes
25
tower crane where the slewing(rotation) mechanism is
located at the base of the crane rather than at the top
Bottom-slewing tower cranes
26
-type of crane that is mounted on a wheeled or tracked vehicle, allowing it to
move freely between jobsites.
Mobile crane
27
are mobile cranes mounted on a truck chassis, allowing them to move easily
on roads without requiring additional transport.
Truck cranes
28
a type of mobile crane that moves on tracks (called crawlers)instead of
wheels.
Crawler cranes
29
a type of mobile crane specifically designed for off-road and rugged
environments.
Rough-terrain cranes
30
As the name suggests, all-terrain cranes can manoeuvre through rough
terrain as well as public roads with ease
All-terrain cranes
31
EFFECTIVE DEPLOYMENT AND USE OF CONSTRUCTION
MACHINERYONJOBSITES. IT’S A WAY OF MEASURING HOW EFFICIENT AND
PRODUCTIVE YOUR EQUIPMENT IS BY SHOWING YOU
WHEN,WHERE,ANDHOWYOUREQUIPMENTISUSED.
EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION
32
A VITAL TOOL USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO
MONITOR THE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EQUIPMENT
DEPLOYEDONAPROJECt. PROVIDES A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF HOW WELL EACH
PIECE OF EQUIPMENT IS BEING UTILIZED, HELPING PROJECT
MANAGERS MAKE DECISIONS THAT IMPACT THE PROJECT'S
TIMELINE,BUDGET,ANDOVERALLPERFORMANCE.
EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION REPORT
33
The report includes a
detailed list of all equipment used on the project
Equipment Identification
34
This section outlines the key metrics
used to measure equipment utilization
Usage Metrics
35
This rate is a percentage that reflects
the ratio of actual operating hours to the total available
hours
Utilization Rate
36
An effective report
provides a comparative analysis of equipment
utilization across different time periods.
Comparison and Analysis
37
The report should include details about the reasons for downtime and the impact it has on project schedules.
Downtime and Maintenance Tracking
38
refers to the gradual reduction in the value of machinery over time due to factors like wear and tear, obsolescence, and usage
depreciaton of construction equipment
39
t is an important consideration for accounting, budgeting, and asset management, helping companies allocate costs and plan for equipment replacement.
depreciaton of construction equipment
40
Considered to be the most common method of calculating depreciating assets, and is based on the assumption that the asset loses an equal amount of value each year. This annual depreciation is calculated by subtracting the salvage value of the asset from the purchase price, and then dividing this number by the estimated useful life of the asset.
1.) STRAIGHT-LINE METHOD
41
It leads to a higher rate of depreciation initially which reduce progressively.
The computation is almost the same with straight line Method the only difference is the formula for its rate of depreciation.
2.) Sum of Years Digit Method
42
In this method, the depreciation for a given year is calculated on the basis of the undepreciated balance (instantaneous book value), rather than the original cost. Further, the method does not take into account any salvage value of the asset. The rate of depreciation, Rm, in this case can be represented by a factor M/N, where M is a constant and N is the service life of the asset. Frequently, M is taken as 2 and the rate of depreciation as 2/N.
3.) Declining Balance Method
43
The idea of this method is basically to have enough funds to be able to replace the asset at the end of its service life. To achieve this, a fixed sum is set aside from revenue each year and taken to be invested with compound interest throughout the life of the asset, such that after successive instalments the sum accumulates to produce the original purchase price of the asset less its salvage value.
4.) sinking fund method
44
popular for writing off equipment that might be replaced before the end of its useful life since such equipment might become obsolete (e.g., computers).
One example of an accelerated depreciation method is the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS), which is adopted in the USA to calculate the depreciation of assets placed in service after 1986.
This system classifies each kind of assets by its useful life of 3 years, 5 years, 7 years, 10 years, 15 years and20 years, and it does not consider the salvage value.
5. accelerated depreciation
45
is one of the metrics to consider in the utilization of equipment.
ROI
46
In cases where the company has surplus funds available, it can invest in cash purchase of plant and equipment provided such investment guarantees a return more than the minimum attractive rate of return of the company.
Buying
47
Total delivered cost includes options, shipping, and taxes, excluding tire costs.
Machine usage on projects causes wear, reducing its value.
Depreciation accounts for the decrease in value over time.
purchase expense
48
Cash received when a machine is resold.
2. Salvage Value
48
Depreciation reduces the net cost of owning a machine.
Only applies if the company is profitable (affects cash flow).
In the Philippines, the BIR sets rules on depreciation methods and asset lifespan
Tax Savings from Depreciation
49
Part of ownership cost since they extend a machine’s service life.
Seen as an investment, similar to buying a new machine.
Costs are added to the machine’s value and depreciated over time.
4. Major Repairs and Overhauls
50
Assessed as a percentage of book value of the machine.
Varies by location (up to 4.5% in some areas).
Philippines:
Includes machinery that is not permanently attached but is essential to an industry, work, or activity
5. Taxes
51
Includes the cost to cover fire, theft, and damage to the equipment.
6. Insurance
52
A company will require a storage facilities for its equipment.
Typical expenses include space rental, utilities, and the wages for laborers or watchmen.
Usually these expenses are all combined in an overhead account and then allocated on a proportional basis to the individual account.
7. Storage and Miscellaneous
53
Best determined by actual measurement during operation.
Fuel
54
Fuel consumption depends on:
Brake horsepower of the machine.
Type of work the machine is performing.
55
The depreciation portion of ownership cost can be calculated by either of two methods: time value or average annual investment.
OWNERSHIP COST
56
The expected service life and a corporate cost of capital rate are both necessary input parameters for the analysis.
(1) Depreciation - Time Value Method
57
A short-term alternative to direct equipment ownership.
2. Rental
58
is a long-term agreement for the use of an asset.
3. Lease
59
The process of inspecting, servicing, and repairing machinery used on construction sites to ensure they operate efficiently and safely. This process includes tasks such as checking fluid levels, replacing worn-out parts, and performing routine inspections to identify potential issues before they lead to equipment failure. Effective maintenance helps prolong the lifespan of equipment, reduces downtime, and enhances overall project productivity.
construction equipment maintenance?
60
Heavy construction equipment used for digging, lifting, and moving large amounts of soil and debris. Its maintenance typically involves regularly inspecting the hydraulic systems, checking and replacing worn-out tracks, and ensuring all fluids are topped off to prevent operational issues.
EXCAVATORS
61
Powerful machines equipped with a large front blade for pushing and leveling soil and debris on construction sites. These are maintained through routine inspections of the undercarriage for wear and tear, the blade and hydraulic systems, and performing regular oil and filter changes to ensure optimal performance.
moving large amounts of soil and debris. Its maintenance typically involves regularly inspecting the hydraulic systems, checking and replacing worn-out tracks, and ensuring all fluids are topped off to prevent operational issues.
BULLDOZERS
62
Used for loading materials into trucks, moving soil, and clearing debris. Regular maintenance includes inspecting the bucket and hydraulic systems for damage, checking tire pressure and condition, and performing routine engine and fluid checks to keep the machine running smoothly.
LOADERS
63
Used for lifting heavy materials and drilling holes for utility poles, respectively. They require frequent inspection of cables and pulleys for wear, regular lubrication of moving parts, and thorough checks of safety mechanisms and hydraulic systems to ensure safe operation.
Cranes & Digger Derricks
64
Used to transport loose materials like sand, gravel, and demolition waste. Maintenance involves regularly checking the hydraulic lift system, inspecting the tires and brakes for wear, and ensuring the bed and tailgate mechanisms are clean and functional to prevent malfunctions during use.
Dump Trucks
65
The purpose of this type of maintenance is to catch failures before they happen.
Preventative Maintenance
66
Refers to services you’ll need when something on your equipment breaks or malfunctions. This type of maintenance is also referred to as repair.
Corrective Maintenance
67
Foreshadows an equipment failure through close monitoring and data collection via technology. The data will indicate when maintenance is needed to prevent issues before they occur.
Predictive Maintenance
