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nbrc pft practice > equipment operation > Flashcards

equipment operation Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

types of gas analyzer

A
  1. gas chromatograph/absorption
  2. mass spectrometer
  3. infrared absorption
  4. thermal conductivity analyzer
  5. geissler tube ionizer
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2
Q

what is the carrier gas in a gas chromatograph analyzer

A

usually helium but neon can be used if helium is being measured

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3
Q

gas chromatography

A

AKA Absorption

  • multiple gases
  • gases move though separator column different size molecules make gases exit at different rates
  • affected by water and co2
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4
Q

disadvantages of gas chromatograph

A

not fast or breath to breath

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5
Q

gas chromatograph measures what gases

A
  1. Ne
  2. CO
  3. Nitrogen
  4. oxygen
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6
Q

mass spectrometry

A

measuring the mass of each ass by drawing into ionization chamber with vacuum then shot out and distance determines mass

  • can analyze several patients at once
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7
Q

mass spectrometry advantages

A
  1. rapid response time
  2. breath to breath
  3. allows for multiple gas analysis
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8
Q

troubleshooting mass spectrometry

A

make sure all gas % = 100%

if not increase or decrease gain until 100% is reached

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9
Q

infrared absorption analyzer

A

quick response for diffusion

has a chopper motor

not affected by partial pressures

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10
Q

infrared absorption analyzer measures?

A
  1. carbon dioxide
  2. carbon monoxide
  3. methane
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11
Q

how do you calibrate infrared absorption analyzer

A

calibration will read 0% for room air then add 0.03% CO rezero then adjust gain

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12
Q

troubleshooting infrared absorption analyzer

A

long sample lines

moisture

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13
Q

thermal conductivity analyzer

A

AKA wheatstone bridge

helium goes through hot wires cooling them down changing resistance and current

do not use with flammable gases

helium dilution procedures

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14
Q

what does thermal conductivity analyzer measure

A

helium

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15
Q

Geissler tube ionizer

A

measures gas %

sample pumped into chamber where a light is emitted then the intensity of the light = % of nitrogen

provides breath to breath

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16
Q

Geissler tube ionizer measures?

A

nitrogen

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17
Q

trouble shooting geissler tube ionizer

A
  1. water though needle valve

2. leak

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18
Q

3 types of blood gas analyzers

A
  1. clark electrode
  2. servinghaus electrode
  3. sanz electrode
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19
Q

severinghaus electrode

A

measures co2

glass electrode which includes nylon spacer and Teflon membrane

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20
Q

clark electrode

A

measures PO2

not smooth- traps blood particles and needs cleaned with pummus

requires polarizing voltage

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21
Q

sanz electrode

A

reference electrode contains a KCl buffer solution with a known pH that is sealed and has a ceramic plug

has a constant electrical potential

silver-silver choloride wire

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22
Q

calibrating PCO2 and PO2 on Blood Gas analyzer

A

displayed in mmHg need to make %

PCO2- 5% low
10% high

PO2- 0% low
12 or 20% high

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23
Q

changing mmHg to %

A

(PB- Ph20) x % in decimal

(760- 47) x %

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24
Q

Troubleshooting Blood Ga Analyzers

A
  1. worn or ruptured membranes
  2. clot= use protein remover
  3. erratic reading= remembrance
  4. check solutions and gas cylinders
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25
types of oxygen analyzers
1. galvanic fuel cell | 2. polarographic
26
galvanic fuel cell
measures partial pressure displayed as FIO2 accuracy affected by water, high pressure, and altitude replace the fuel cell if unable to calibrate two point calibrate
27
polarographic oxygen analyers
similar to galvanic except that it requires a battery
28
tonometry
quality control gas mixture equilibrated with buffer solution of blood sample cost savings
29
in a unidirectional valve if the patient can inhale but not exhale what does that mean
the exhalation valve was positioned incorrectly or backwards
30
all breathing valves should have
1. low deadspace 2. low compliance 3. low resistance 4. easy to clean
31
gas and water absorbers
co2 absorber (scrubber) h20 absorber (desiccant)
32
co2 absorber
aka scrubber only necessary for tests that require rebreathing if not in line for these tests- patient will complain of being hot and being tachypneic changes co2 to water
33
change co2 absorber when?
1. .exhausted 2. color change 3. weekly
34
h20 absorber
aka desiccant gets rid of moisture calcium sulfate inline after co2 absorber starts blue then changes to pink when needs changed
35
placement of absorbers
co2 h2o analyzer
36
flow measuring spirometers
pneumotachometer peak flow meter
37
pneumotachometer
a device that measures flow and converts it to a volume display
38
types of pneumotachometer
wright respirometer pressure differential thermal element pilot tube ultrasonic
39
wright respirometer
accurate for flows of 3-300 L/min should not be used for peak flow measurements estimated volumes
40
pressure differential
contains a resistive element that causes pressure to drop as gas flows across it bundle of capillary tubes that are heated to keep moisture out found in body box
41
thermal element
heated platinum wire that cools as gas flows across it requiring an increased amount of current to maintain the temperature decreased resistance (hole in mesh screen) will give false low readings
42
pilot tube
disposable and portable condensation and secretions will not affect
43
peak flow meter
used to measure PEFR at bedside exhale forcefully great for asthma patients low range= 300-400 (kids/elderly) high range= 600-800 (normal healthy adult)
44
volume measuring spirometers
directly measure volume then add time to create flow
45
3 types of volume displacement spirometers
water seal dry rolling deal wedge bellows
46
water seal volume spirometer
consists of large bell that is submersed in a column of water- will move proportionally as patient breathes in and out
47
dry rolling seal
calibration done with a 3L syringe most problems are related to potentiometer malfunction can be used to assess pre and post bronchodilator changes
48
wedge bellows
collapsible bellows that folds and unfolds as the patient breathes in and out if measured volume increases while the wedge is positioned at zero with the gas inlet plugged- there a leak in the system If there is a loss of volume checks for cracks or holes in bellows
49
calibration of volume displacement spirometer
use a 3L syringe
50
3L syringe
use to calibrate with daily range- 2.9-3.1 L
51
if calibrating with the 3l syringe and volume not in range
if higher than 3.1= potentiometer bent bell leak into the system if lower than 2.9 then there is a leak
52
rotameter
better method for reproducing flow rates for calibration
53
pneumotachometers may become alinear as a result of
contamination bent vanes moisture debris
54
body box
based on boyles law if temp consistent measures thoracic gas volume which is the same as FRC also measures Raw
55
calibration of body box primarily involves three things
mouth pressures is verified with mercury or water barometer flows are verified with a rotameter box pressure is calibrated by using a sine-wave rotary pump
56
ergometers
two types: arm and leg used in exercise testing decreased danger of fall subject can stop at anytime easier to obtain vitals and data recordings results are independent of body weight since patient is sitting
57
leg ergometer
beneficial for patients who have difficulty walking pedaling freq and resistance can be adjusted by putting direct pressure on the fly wheel
58
exercise testing treadmill
most common walking natural motion disadvantage- patient cannot stop exercising on their own, vitals are harder to obtain
59
electrocardiograph
instrument used for recording the electrical activity of the heart 1 millivolt produces a 10mm vertical deflection the speed of the recording should be 25 mm per second
60
best leads for the ekg
limb lead- II chest lead- #5

nbrc pft practice (3 decks)

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