Era of the Great War Flashcards
(20 cards)
1
Q
What are reasons that Scottish men signed up to go to war?
A
- Propaganda
- Pals Battalions
- The White Feather Campaign
- Good pay
- Threat of being fired
- Thought that the war would be short
2
Q
What were conditions faced by Scottish men in the trenches?
A
- ‘Shellshock’
- Monotonous routine
- Diseases (trench foot and trench mouth)
- Bad diet (plum jam and hard bread)
- Vermin (rats, fleas and lice)
- Waterlogged conditions
3
Q
What technologies were used in The Great War?
A
- Machine guns
- Tanks
- Gas
- Gas masks
- Aircraft
- Artillery
4
Q
What were tactics used in the battles of Loos and Somme?
A
- Douglas Haig lead the Scots in the battle of the Somme
- Bombardment followed by assault by soldiers
- Scots were first to be sent ‘over the top’ into no man’s land
- There were 30000 Scots at the Battle of Loos
- 7000 Scots were killed in Loos
5
Q
What were things introduced with DORA?
A
- No giving bread to animals such as dogs and chickens
- Censorship
- No buying binoculars
- No setting off fireworks, starting bonfires and flying kites
- No discussing military and naval matters in public
- Restricted alcohol consumption
6
Q
What were food control measures used by the government during The Great War?
A
- Propaganda encouraged people to save food
- Food substitutes (standard bread, made of powdered potatoes and dry eggs)
- Corn Production Act
- Land was taken and used to grow food
- Women’s Land Army
- Rationing
7
Q
What changed about the role of women in society during The Great War?
A
- Women worked more (munitions factories and Women’s Land Army)
- Women gained respect and independence (rent strikes organised by women)
- Women gained trust
- It was more acceptable for women to have short hair
- It was more acceptable for women to smoke
- It was more acceptable for women to wear thing such as jeans
- It was more acceptable for women to go to bars
8
Q
What were methods of propaganda used by the government during The Great War?
A
- Posters
- Cartoons in newspapers
- White Feather Campaign
- Pals Battalions
- King’s Shilling
- Motivational speeches
9
Q
What was conscription?
A
- Men were forced to go to war
- Less men were volunteering and many were dying on the Western Front
- Men between 18 and 40 were conscripted (the limit was later raised to 50)
- Men that were very ill were exempt
- Men in reserved occupations were exempt
- If several siblings had already passed in the war, then they were also exempt
10
Q
Who were conscientious objectors and how were they treated?
A
- They refused to fight in war
- Viewed as criminals
- Viewed as cowards
- Ridiculed by propaganda
- Assaulted (verbally and physically)
- Imprisoned
- Poor treatment in prison
11
Q
How were the casualties and deaths in The Great War?
A
- 150000 (approximately) Scots fell
- Scotland had a 26% casualty rate
- All Scottish towns were impacted
- Remembrance day is November 11th
- All towns have memorials
- Poppies are used as a symbol of respect
12
Q
What did women do for the war effort?
A
- First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Scottish women drove ambulances on the Western Front)
- Women’s Royal Air Force (Scottish women became operators, typists and telephonists)
- Replaced men in many jobs
- Women’s Land Army
- Munition factories
13
Q
What were reserved occupations during The Great War?
A
- Coal mining
- Shipbuilding
- Forestry jobs
- Agricultural jobs (farmers)
- Ministers (at churches)
- Doctors
14
Q
Why did heavy industries decline after The Great War?
A
- Jute production was allowed in India, so it was cheaper than from Dundee)
- Jute wasn’t needed as much for sandbags
- Shipbuilding wasn’t needed to build more warships
- There were less orders for the railway industry because countries didn’t have money at the time
- Coal was cheaper from Poland
- Coal wasn’t needed as much due to new types of power like electricity
15
Q
What was The Great War’s effect on fishing and agriculture?
A
- Farming evolved because Britain had to produce enough food during the war
- Farming thrived as food prices increased
- Fishing declined because German U-boats were in the waters around Scotland
- Fishing did not recover from this after the war
- Farming declined after the war because there wasn’t a blockade anymore
16
Q
What were new industries that emerged after The Great War?
A
- Automotive industry
- Electricity industry
- Radios
- Sewing machines
- Chemical engineering
- Advertising
17
Q
What was the impact of the women’s suffrage campaign?
A
- Suffragists used peaceful tactics
- Suffragettes used violent tactics
- Peaceful tactics gained support from both men and women
- Violent tactics gained media coverage
- Hunger strikes in prisons
- Women part of the campaign contributed to the war effort
18
Q
What were the rent strikes?
A
- Landlords raised rents
- The rents became in-affordable
- Women organised rent strikes
- Crowds blocked entrances to housing of tenants to stop them from being blocked and threw flour at police officers
- 25000 tenants joined the movement
- Workers did strikes to support the rent strikes
- The Rent Restriction Act was passed
19
Q
What was the Representation of the People?
A
- The 1918 Representation of the People Act was passed
- All men over 21 could vote (soldiers who fought could vote at 19)
- Women over 30 could vote (must own a home, graduate university or be married to a house owner)
- Women over 21 were given the vote in 1928
20
Q
What were Homes Fit for Heroes?
A
- Prime minister wanted the country more fit for inhabitants returning from the war
- There were bad conditions in homes
- 1919 Addison Housing Act (councils had to make plans of building 25000 new homes)
- 1923 Housing Act (money was given to councils which built 50000 homes)
- 1924 Wheatley Housing Act (council homes were built to provide better living conditions)
- The poor couldn’t afford any of the new rents
