Eric's study guide Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
mood stabilizer for kids
A
depakote
2
Q
mood stabilizer for pregnant woman with mania
A
atypicals
3
Q
mood stabilizer for woman with h/o postpartum mania
A
lithium ppx but it is contraindicated in breastfeeding
4
Q
MDD prevalence in general population and in elderly
A
16%
25-50%
5
Q
risk for MDD if your MZ twin has it
A
70%
6
Q
there is reduced blood flow in this region of the brain in MDD
A
frontal lobe
7
Q
_____ % of MDD pts commit suicide
A
15%
8
Q
treat all personality disorders with psychotherapy except borderline (DBT) and antisocial
A
yep
9
Q
interaction between EtOH and H2 blockers
A
increased EtOH levels
10
Q
EtOH + NSAIDs –>
A
GI bleeding
11
Q
EtOH + acetaminophen/INH –>
A
hepatotoxicity
12
Q
EtOH + metronidazole/sulfa drugs –>
A
N/V
13
Q
what’s in a banana bag
A
thiamine, folate, MVI, MgSO4, IVF
14
Q
______ and _______ both decreased alcohol cravings
A
naltrexone (opioid receptor blocker) and acamprosate (increase GABA/decreased glutamate)
15
Q
benzos increase GABA ______
barbiturates increase GABA _________
A
frequency
duration
16
Q
what to give for benzo OD
A
flumazenil
17
Q
what to give for barbiturate OD
A
IV NaHCO3
18
Q
what is GHB?
A
sodium oxybate, common date rape drug
CNS depressant: memory loss, respiratory distress, coma
can be used to treat cataplexy
19
Q
inhalants _______ (excite/depress) the CNS
A
depress
20
Q
death due to inhalants is usually due to _____ or ______
A
respiratory depression or arrhythmia
21
Q
2 weak stimulants
A
caffeine, nicotine
22
Q
cocaine blocks reuptake of _____ and _______
A
DA (reward system) and NE (vasoconstriction)
23
Q
tx for cocaine intoxication
mild
severe
A
mild- benzos
severe- haldol
24
Q
cocaine + _______ results in 24x mortality of cocaine alone
A
alcohol due to cocaethylene metabolite
25
cocaine dependence is purely _________ and withdrawal may cause severe ______
psychological
| depression and SI
26
amphetamines block ___________ reuptake and cause _______ release
DA/NE
27
amphetamine OD can cause these sxs
hyperthermia, dehydration, rhabdo and renal failure
28
assoc with clubs and raves; sense of closeness
MDMA- ecstasy and eve
29
caffeine MOA
adenosine antagonist, PDE blocker
30
nicotine withdrawal tx
varenicline (chantix), bupropion (zyban) are partial nicotinic agonists; also gum and patch
31
nicotine in pregnancy causes
low birth weight
| chronic pulmonary hypertension
32
the only opioid that causes pupil dilation
demerol
33
_____ and ______ are false negative opioids
methadone
| oxycodone
34
tx for moderate opiate w/d
```
CLIP
clonidine
loperamide
ibuprofen
promethazine
```
35
PCP and ketamine MOA
NMDA antagonist
36
tx for Alzheimer's:
mild to moderate
moderate to severe
- AChE inhibitors
| - NMDA antagonist like memantine
37
ppl with Down syndrome are increased risk of this form of dementia
Alzheimer's
| -triple ApoE expression --> inevitable AD by age 40
38
3 most common causes of dementia
Alzheimer's
vascular
Lewy body
39
pts with this type of dementia are especially sensitive to antipsychotics
Lewy body
40
how to treat HIV associated dementia
HAART
41
pellagra
```
vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency --> 3 Ds
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia
```
42
tx for pseudodementia
supportive psychotherapy + low dose SSRI
| if depression + low appetite + insomnia --> mirtazapine
43
5 stages of grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
44
normal grief lasts < _________
2 months
| may have illusions but no delusions, hallucinations, or SI
45
complicated grief lasts > _______
6 months
46
mental retardation is IQ < _______
70
47
mental retardation causes
- most common cause
- most common genetic
- most common inherited
- MCC fetal alcohol syndrome
- MC genetic- Down syndrome
- MC inherited- fragile X
48
ToRCHeS can cause MR
```
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
CMV
Herpes simplex
Syphilis
```
49
partial deletion of 15q
| MR/DD, obesity, hypogonadism, almond eyes
Prader Willi
50
X linked CGG trinucleotide repeat in FMR1 gene
| -males, MR, macrognathia, macroorchidism
fragile X
51
drug tx for ADHD
first line is stimulants (ex. methylphenidate, amphetamine, etc)
second line is atomoxetine and clonidine/guanfacine
52
autism spectrum disorder is assoc with problems of (3 things)
must be present before age ______
- social interaction
- communication
- repetitive/stereotyped patterns of behavior
- present before age 3
53
good prognosis for autism
intelligence
| communication
54
MECP2 on the X chromosome is implicated in _____
| normal development --> decreased head circumference, ataxia, decreased language skills, hang wringing
Rett
55
childhood disintegrative disorder starts around age ______ and occurs more in ____ (boys/girls)
- increased rate of seizures
- what's the tx?
age 2
boys
supportive tx
56
tourette's is assoc with these two comorbid dxs
OCD
| ADHD
57
drug tx for enuresis (bed wetting after age 5)
DDAVP then imipramine
58
MCC enuresis and encopresis
enuresis-stress
| encopresis-constipation with overflow incontinence
59
Puerto Rican culturally-bound trance disorder that consists of convulsive movements, fainting, crying, and visual problems
Ataque de nervios
60
intermittent explosive disorder tx
SSRIs
Li
propranolol
61
Sleep EEG waveforms
BATS Drink Blood – Beta (awake), Alpha (resting), Theta (1), Sleep spindles and K complexes (2), Delta (3⁄4), Beta (REM)
62
narcolepsy- loss of neurons that secrete _______
hypocretin
63
tx for narcolepsy
- day time sleepiness
- cataplexy
- sleepiness --> stimulants like modafinil
| - cataplexy --> sodium oxybate (GHB)
64
neurotic defenses
RIDICulous – Rationalization, Reaction formation, Repression, Intellectualization, Displacement, Isolation of affect, Controlling
65
cyp450 inducers
smoking, carbamazepine, barbiturates, St. John’s wort
66
CYP450 inhibitors
fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, duloxetine, sertraline
67
SSRI with most GI distress
sertraline
68
SSRI with most anticholinergic
paroxetine
| -also shortest half life
69
amitriptylene (Elavil) can have strong _________ side effects
anticholinergic
70
this TCA has the fewest anti-HAM side effects
nortriptylene
71
metabolite of loxapine, only antidepressant that can cause EPS
amoxapine (TCA)
72
very sedating TCA, can be used to tx OCD
clomipramine (anafranil)
73
TCA with ↑rate of seizures, arrhythmias, and fatality w/ OD
Maprotiline (Ludiomil)
74
low potency first gen APDs and their side effects
chlorpromazine (thorazine)- corneal pigmentation, photosensitivity
thioridazine- retinal pigmentation leading to night blindness
75
mid potency first gen APDs and their side effects
loxapine- increased seizures
thiothixene- ocular pigmentation
trifluoperazine- decreased anxiety
perphenazine
76
high potency first gen APDs
haldol
fluphenazine
pimozide
77
metabolite of risperidone
Paliperidone (Invega)
78
second gen APD most likely to cause akathisia
abilify
79
geodon needs food to be activated in the body (T/F)
T
80
if lithium level is > _______, do hemodialysis
4.0
81
Lithium × HTN
Tx Ca2+-channel blockers
82
mood stabilizers that can cause SJS
lamictal and carbamazepine
83
mood stabilizer with weight loss, cognitive slowing, kidney stones
topamax
84
lamictal can _______ depakote levels
decrease
85
benzo half life from longest to shortest
diazepam, clonazepam > alprazolam, lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam > triazolam, midazolam
86
sodium bicarb is used for _____ and ______ overdose
barbiturate and TCA
87
5-HT1A partial agonist given for anxiety, useful in alcoholics
buspirone (buspar)
88
stimulant that has ↓appetite suppression and insomnia, but ↑hepatotoxicity and SI in adolescents
atomoxetine
89
4 Ds of malpractice
Deviation (neglect) from Duty that was the Direct cause of Damage
90
Parens patriae:
protecting citizens who can't care for themselves
| one of the bases for the 302
91
Glossolalia
ability to speak a new language suddenly
92
repetitive, meaningless talking
Verbigeration
93
Circumlocution
substitution of a word or description for a word that can’t be recalled (e.g. “that thing you write with”)
94
headache, fatigue, and visual disturbances in African male students
Brain fag
95
Portugese d/o with numbness,
| tremors, paralysis, convulsions, stroke, heart attack
Sangue dormido
96
windigo
Native American d/o regarding possession by a demon that murders and eats human flesh
97
Autoscopic psychosis
VH of transparent phantom of one’s own body, aka doppleganger
98
lycanthropy
delusion that one is a werewolf (or another animal)
99
depression tx response to antidepressants, ECT, placebo
around 70% for antidepressants and ECT
| 30% for placebo
