Erickson stages

Question 1

1.Define the eight stages of life according to Erikson.

Answer 1

Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt  
Initiative vs Guilt 
Industry vs Inferiority 
Identity vs Role Confusion 
Intimacy vs Isolation 
Generatively vs Stagnation
Ego Integrity vs Despair

Question 2

Stage One Trust vs Mistrust.

Answer 2

. Birth to 12 months

Question 3

Stage Two Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer 3

13 months to 3 years

Question 4

Stage Three Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 4

Preschool 3 to 5 years

Question 5

Stage Four Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 5

School age 6-11 years 11 = puberty

Question 6

Stage Five Identity vs Role Confusion

Answer 6

puberty – 21 years

Question 7

Stage Six Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 7

Young Adulthood 21 – 40 years

Question 8

Stage Seven Generatively vs Stagnation

Answer 8

40 – 65 years

Question 9

Stage Eight Ego Integrity vs Despair

Answer 9

Older Adulthood 65 years – death

Question 10

2.Differentiate between the positive and negative outcomes of each stage

Answer 10

………..

Question 11

Stage One
Positive
Establish trust, learns to trust others, sense of own trustworthiness

Answer 11

Negative

Develops mistrust, acute tension appears in child. withdrawal and estrangement.

Question 12

Stage Two Positive

Ability to control bodily functions. Developing a sene of autonomy. Can cooperate and express oneself.

Answer 12

Negative

Screaming, licking, hitting, biting or breathe holding. Self-control with loss of self-esteem and positive body image.

Question 13

Stage three positive
learns acceptable behavior. Develops socializations and communication skills, sense of initiative, pride in new accomplishments.

Answer 13

Negative
If child is repeatedly criticized/punished for attempts to explore and learn, develops feeling of guilt, shame, and fear. Reluctant to try new activities. No initiative feel defeat and angry.

Question 14

Stage four Positive
Sense of industry can demonstrate skills and production of things. Develops self-esteem through achievements, Makes friends, peers are important. Socialization is developing.

Answer 14

Negative
Sense of inferiority can’t separate from parent. Success is unattainable, confidence is lost, and will not take pleasure in attempting new experiences. Withdrawal from school and peers.

Question 15

Stage Five positive

Coherent sense of self. Plans to actualize one’s abilities

Answer 15

Negative

Feelings of confusion, indecisiveness, possible antisocial behavior

Question 16

Stage six positive

Capacity for love, commitment to work and relationships

Answer 16

Negative

Isolation. Cannot make commitments.

Question 17

Stage seven Positive

Creativity, productive, sees worth in society and self. Wants to leave a legacy behind.

Answer 17

Negative

Sees no worth in society or self. Impoverishment of self.

Question 18

Stage eight Positive
Acceptance of one’s life.
Belief that choices made best at time. Control of one’s life. A life with dignity.

Answer 18

Negative

Despair, disappointed with one’s life, feels dissatisfied. If given another chance would do things different.

Question 19

3.Discuss developmental task accomplished during each Erikson’s stages.

Answer 19

……… :)

Question 20

Stage one develops

Answer 20

trust from caregiver meeting the basic needs of the infant of food, sucking, warmth, comfort, love and security consistently. This is critical for normal development and survival.

Question 21

Stage two develops

Answer 21

beginning of independence and self-control. Gains independence through parental encouragement.

Question 22

Stage three

Answer 22

Achieve a sense of initiative. Takes pride in new accomplishments. Develops realistic sense of purpose, and the ability to evaluate one’s own behavior.

Question 23

Stage four development

Answer 23

of a sense of industry. Secure sense of self as separated from family. Can make friends, peers are important. Realization of competence and perseverance.

Question 24

Stage five

Answer 24

Identity formations the major developmental task of adolescence; other task are the formation of a sexual and vocational identity and the ability to emancipate oneself from the family.

Question 25

Stage six

Answer 25

Young adults are in an intense search for self and focus on developing their capacity for reciprocal love and close personal relationship based on commitments.

Question 26

Stage seven

Answer 26

Individual must balance the feeling that life is personally and socially satisfying with the feeling that it is without meaning.

Question 27

Stage eight

Answer 27

Acceptance of the worth and uniqueness of one’s life, sense of loss and contempt for others.

Question 28

Erickson's four major organizing concepts

Answer 28

Stages of development Developmental goals or tasks Psychosocial crises The process of coping.

Question 29

Erikson believed

Answer 29

that development is a continuous process made up of distinct stages, characterized by the achievement of developmental goals that are affected by the social environ- ment and significant others.

Question 30

Four major components of Freud’s theory are:

Answer 30

the unconscious mind the id the ego the superego

Question 31

"The unconscious mind "

Answer 31

" contains memories, motives, fantasies, and fears that are not easily recalled but that directly affect behavior."

Question 32

The id

Answer 32

" is the part of the mind concerned with self-gratification by the easiest and quickest available means."

Question 33

The ego

Answer 33

" is the conscious part of the mind that serves as a mediator between the desires of the id and the constraints of "reality so that one might live effectively within one’s social, physical, and psychological environment. The ego includes one’s intelligence, memory, problem solving, separation of reality from fantasy, and incorporation of experiences and learning into future behavior. Ego development continues throughout life.

Question 34

"The superego"

Answer 34

"is the part of the mind that represents one’s conscience. The superego represents the internalization of rules and values so that socially acceptable behavior is practiced.

Question 35

1. Sue has blue eyes and is 5 feet tall. Tom has brown eyes and is 6 feet tall. These physical characteristics are primarily determined by which of the following? a. Socialization with caregivers b. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy c. Genetic information on chromosomes d. Meeting developmental tasks

Answer 35

1. c. Physical appearance and growth have a predetermined genetic base from inheritance patterns carried on the chromosomes.

Question 36

2. The developing fetus exhibits a common trend in growth and development. Which of the following growth and development trends initially occurs? a. Symmetric b. Cephalocaudal c. Proximodistal d. Lateral

Answer 36

2. b. The head and brain (cephalocaudal) grow and develop first in the fetus.

Question 37

3. A 2-year-old grabs a handful of cake sitting on the table and stuffs it in his mouth. According to Freud, what part of the mind is the child satisfying? a. Id b. Superego c. Ego d. Unconscious mind"

Answer 37

3. a. Freud defined the id as the part of the mind concerned with self-gratification by the easiest and quickest available means.

Question 38

4. What is the primary developmental stage of the preschool-aged child, as described by Erikson? a. Industry versus inferiority b. Autonomy versus shame and doubt c. Trust versus mistrust d. Initiative versus guilt"

Answer 38

4. d. The preschool child seeks new learning experiences (initiative); if restrictions or reprimands result, the child feels guilty and is hesitant to try new skills.

Question 39

5. An older adult smiles as she talks about her life events. This, according to Erikson, is demonstrating what developmental stage? a. Ego integrity b. Generativity c. Intimacy d. Identity"

Answer 39

5. a. Reminiscence during the older years of one’s life provides a sense of fulfillment and purpose (ego integrity).

Question 40

6. What did Havighurst define as a developmental task of the adolescent? a. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty b. Taking on civic responsibility c. Accepting one’s body and using it effectively d. Achieving personal independence

Answer 40

6. c. The adolescent must learn to accept his or her body and use it effectively.

Question 41

7. Based on Piaget’s theory, children between the ages of 2 and 7 years use play for what purpose? a. To classify objects based on characteristics b. To understand life events and relationships c. To relate own enjoyment of random behaviors d. To incorporate the perspective of others"

Answer 41

7. b. Children ages 2 to 7 years are in the preoperational stage, and use play to help understand life events and relationships.

Question 42

8. Which of the following factors initially influences moral development as defined in Kohlberg’s theory? a. Parent–child communications b. Societal rules and regulations c. Social and religious rules d. One’s beliefs and values

Answer 42

8. a. Moral development in the young child results from communications as the child tries to please his or her parents.

Question 43

9. In Gilligan’s theory, women develop morality differently than do men. How did she describe this morality in women? a. Law and justice b. Obligations and rights c. Order and selfishness d. Response and care

Answer 43

9. d. Gilligan believed that, for women, response and care are a universal obligation toward self and others.

Question 44

10. During the development of faith, described by Fowler, the teenager commonly does which of the following? a. Accepts parental attitudes and beliefs b. Exhibits a value of justice for others c. Questions previously accepted values d. Demonstrates responsibility for own beliefs

Answer 44

10. c. Synthetic–conventional faith is characteristic of many adolescents, as they begin to question values in an attempt to stabilize their own identity.