Errors Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is specification error in statistical modeling?
Specification error occurs when a model is incorrectly specified, leading to biased or inconsistent estimates.
True or False: Sampling error can be eliminated by increasing the sample size.
False. Sampling error can be reduced but not completely eliminated by increasing the sample size.
Fill in the blank: Measurement error is the difference between the __________ value and the true value.
observed
What type of error occurs during data entry or processing?
Data process error
Which of the following is an example of framing error? A) Misinterpreting survey questions B) Incorrect data collection methods C) Using the wrong statistical test
A) Misinterpreting survey questions
Short Answer: What is the primary consequence of specification error?
The primary consequence is biased and unreliable estimates from the model.
True or False: All sampling errors are systematic errors.
False. Sampling errors can be random.
What is a common cause of measurement error?
Inaccurate instruments or tools used for measurement.
Multiple Choice: Which error is associated with how data is framed in surveys? A) Sampling error B) Measurement error C) Framing error
C) Framing error
Fill in the blank: Data process errors often arise from __________ mistakes.
human
Short Answer: Name one method to reduce specification error.
Conducting thorough literature reviews to ensure all relevant variables are included.
What is the relationship between sample size and sampling error?
As sample size increases, sampling error generally decreases.
True or False: Measurement error can only occur in quantitative research.
False. Measurement error can occur in both qualitative and quantitative research.
Multiple Choice: Which type of error can lead to misinterpretation of results due to the wording of questions? A) Specification error B) Framing error C) Data process error
B) Framing error
Fill in the blank: The overall impact of errors in statistical analysis is to __________ the validity of the conclusions drawn.
undermine
What does MCAR stand for in the context of nonresponse errors?
Missing Completely At Random
True or False: In MCAR, the missing data is related to the observed data.
False
Fill in the blank: MAR stands for __________.
Missing At Random
Which type of nonresponse error suggests that the missingness is related to the observed data but not to the missing data itself?
MAR (Missing At Random)
True or False: MNAR means that the missing data is related to the unobserved data.
True
What is a key characteristic of MNAR?
The probability of missing data is related to the value of the missing data.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of MCAR?
Data is missing due to a random error in data collection.
What is one potential consequence of MNAR in data analysis?
It can lead to biased estimates and incorrect conclusions.
List the three types of nonresponse errors.
MCAR, MAR, MNAR
