Erysipelothrix-test 2

Question 1

Is Erysipelothrix Gram negative or Gram positive?

Answer 1

Gram positive

Question 2

Is Erysipelothrix motile or non-motile?

Answer 2

Non-motile

Question 3

Is Erysipelothrix acid fast or non-acid-fast?

Answer 3

Non-acid fast

Question 4

Is Erysipelothrix catalase negative or positive?

Answer 4

Catalse negative

Question 5

Is Erysipelothrix oxidase negative or positive?

Answer 5

Oxidase negative

Question 6

Is Erysipelothrix coagulase positive or negative?

Answer 6

Coagulase positive

Question 7

Diseases can occur in various animal species, such as?

Which species is the most common?

Answer 7

Swine- which is the most common
Turkey
Sheep
Dogs
Dolphins 
Humans

Question 8

In swine who are the least susceptible?

Answer 8

Pigs less than 3 months and over 3 years of age.

Question 9

What are some predisposing factors for swine?

Answer 9

Environmental stress, dietary changes, fatigue and subclinical aflatoxicosis

Question 10

In turkeys and sheep who is more frequently infected?

Answer 10

Males are more frequently infected because males are badasses and they get fight wounds

Question 11

What does the capsule do?

Answer 11

made of Polysaccharides:

• antiphagocytic
• it protects intracellular organisms and allows intracellular replication.

Question 12

What is special about the Cell wall?

Answer 12

• its typical Gram positive

- Lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycan are pro-inflammatory.

Question 13

The production of Neuramindidases vary with what?

Answer 13

Virulence

-cleaves silica acid residues on endothelial cells which lead to thrombus formation.

Question 14

Most strains produce ______ and ________

Answer 14

Hyaluronidase and coagulase

Question 15

Erysipelothrix has resistance to what?

Answer 15

Drying- it can survive fro up to 6 month in swine feces

Question 16

Where can Erysipelothrix be recovered from (reservoir)?

Answer 16

Sewage effluents abattoirs surface slime of fresh and saltwater fish
and also from 50 different mammals and 30 different birds
and the tonsils from healthy pigs

Question 17

Transmission of Erysipelothrix is mainly by?

Answer 17

Ingestion of contaminated material

-Wound infections and arthropod bites are other possible routes

Question 18

During pathogenies what is the first step?

Answer 18

Bacterial attachment an invasion into cells

-Neuraminidase

Question 19

During pathogenesis what is the second step?

Answer 19

Vascular damage and hyaline thrombus formation

-Neuraminidase

Question 20

During pathogenesis what is the end result?

Answer 20

Resistance to phagocytosis and survival inside professional phagocytes
-Capsule

Question 21

What are the three different forms Swine can have?

Answer 21

Septic form
Diamond skin disease
Chronic forms

Question 22

What is the Septic form of Erysipelothrix in swine?

Answer 22

Acute if untreated has high mortality rates
-fever, anorexia, depression, vomitting, stiff gait, reluctance to walk, palpable urticarial lesions (may become necrotic and sloughed in severe cases) and are felt before they are visible

Question 23

In swine what is Diamond skin diseases and where are they found?

Answer 23

They are Acute and less severe infections (seldome mortalities)
The lesions are limited to the skin ( but accompanied with fever)
the skin lesions are red to purple rhomboidal and may progress to necrosis or resolve.

Question 24

In Swine what is the chronic form of Erysipelothrix?

Answer 24

this has a significant impact in industry
Progression of acute stages or without previous illness
Vegatiative endocarditis
Arthritis
Abortion

Question 25

In birds what geographical region is this important in ?

Answer 25

it is a worldwide important disease

Question 26

In birds that what are some patterns associated with Erysipelothrix?

Answer 26

Cyanotic skin that becomes drop and die Swollen cyanotic snood (almost pathognomonic) Chronic manifestations may include vegetative endocarditis and arthritis.

Question 27

What are some disease patterns in sheep associated with Erysipelothrix?

Answer 27

Polyartheritis Entry through the umbilicus or wind which is associated with docking or shearing and castration Stiff gait and swollen joints

Question 28

What are some disease patterns associated with Dogs?

Answer 28

Endocarditis and arthritis

Question 29

What are some disease patterns associated with dolphins?

Answer 29

Septicemia and urticarial

Question 30

Can humans become infected?

Answer 30

Yes- infection of skin and submits (erysipeloid)

Question 31

How can humans become infected?

Answer 31

Most commonly in animals and fish-handlers

Question 32

What are some disease patterns associated with humans?

Answer 32

Aepticemia endocarditis Poyarthritsis is rare

Question 33

Cell mediated and humble response directed at _______ are mechanisms or resistance and recovery.

Answer 33

Directed and neuraminidase, protective proteins and other wall components

Question 34

Are there vaccines?

Answer 34

Yes attenuated vaccines and bacterins for swine | Effective against acute forms but not highly protective against chronic

Question 35

What kind of artificial immunization appear to be effective in turkeys?

Answer 35

Formalin inactivated bacterins

Question 36

What are some Laboratory diagnosis that we can use?

Answer 36

``` Specimens ( blood, necropsy,) Direct examination (gram-stains) Culture Serology PCR ```

Question 37

When we culture Erysipelothrix what would we see?

Answer 37

We would use blood agar at 37*C usually non-hemolytic but alpha hemolysis can occur -Produce hyrdogen sulfide,catalase and oxidase negative coagulase positive

Question 38

What would we do for Treatment?

Answer 38

Swine- penicillin 5 days and antiseru | Turkeys- penicillin

Question 39

What could we do for prevention?

Answer 39

Good sanitation, vaccinations for turkeys we can also prevent fighting, ensure proper insemination practices, rotating turkeys away from contaminated areas.