Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Question 1

(True or false)

ESR is a non-specific measurement used to monitor an inflammatory response

Answer 1

True

Question 2

(True or false)

In tissue injury, there is a change in the plasma concentration of several proteins

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The red cells fall during this period is called _____ ?

Answer 3

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 4

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is reported in ____?

Answer 4

mm/hour

Question 5

Stacking of Erythrocytes is also known as?

Answer 5

Rouleaux formation

Question 6

(True or false)

Normal RBC’s do no form rouleaux formation

Answer 6

True

Question 7

(True or false)

Increased plasma protein will NOT increase ESSR (shortened ESR)

Answer 7

False

Question 8

(True or false)

Increased plasma proteins decreases the zeta potential of RBC’s causing RBC’s to be closer enhancing rouleaux formation

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Initial rouleaux formation

Answer 9

LAG PHASE - 10 mins

Question 10

Rapid Settling of RBC’s

Answer 10

DECANTATION PHASE - 40 mins

Question 11

Final sedimentation phase

Answer 11

10 mins

Question 12

What are the methods for ESR (5)

Answer 12

1. WESTERGREN METHOD
2. WINTROBE METHOD
3. ZZETA SEDIMENTATION RATIO (ZSR)
4. MICRO-ESR METHOD
5. AUTOMATION
   5.1. VES-MATIC 20: automate machine, ESR in 20 samples
   5.2. ESR STAT PLUS
   5.3. Sedi-mat 15

Question 13

• It uses Westergren tube
• Most commonly used, most sensitive method
• Specimen: venous blood
• Original Westergren/Specialized ESR

Answer 13

Westergren Method

Question 14

Use 3.8% Sodium citrate (black top tube; 1:4 ratio) as anticoagulant

Answer 14

Westergren Method

Question 15

Uses 2.0 mL EDTA diluted with 0.5 mL of 0.85% NaCl or 3.8% Sodium citrate

Answer 15

Modified Westergren

Question 16

Reference range for Male

Answer 16

<50 yrs = 0-15 mm/hr
>50 yrs = 0-20 mm/hr

Question 17

Reference range for female

Answer 17

<50 yrs = 0-20 mm/hr
>50 yrs = 0-30 mm/hr

Question 18

Reference range for children

Answer 18

0-10 mm/hr

Question 19

• Uses Wintrobe tube
• A.K.A. Wintrobe and Lansberg method
• Involve no dilution
• Specimen: venous blood

Answer 19

Wintrobe method

Question 20

Uses EDTA or ammonium oxalate as anticoagulant

Answer 20

Wintrobe method

Question 21

In Wintrobe method what are the reference range of the ff:

Male
Female
Children

Answer 21

0-9 mm/hr
0-20 mm/hr
0-13 mm/hr

Question 22

• Not affected by anemia
• Uses zetafuge and capillary tube
• Samples are spun for 4mins

Answer 22

Zeta sedimentation ratio

Question 23

Formula for zeta sedimentation ratio

Answer 23

ZSR (%) = Hematocrit / Zetacrit X 100

Question 24

Reference range in zeta sedimentation ratio, give their correct interpretation
40-51% 1. _____
51-54% 2. _____
55-59% 3. _____
60-64% 4. _____
> 65% 5. _____

Answer 24

1. Normal
2. Borderline normal
3. Mildly elevated
4. Moderately elevated
5. Markedly elevated

Question 25

- A.K.A. Landau-Adams micro sedimentation method - requires fasting capillary blood - 5.0 g/dL sodium citrate solution - Landau pipette graduated from 0-50 mm (resembles RBC pipette) - Landau pipette stand - Suction device

Answer 25

Micro-ESR Method