Erythrocytes/Erythrocyte cycle and blood proteins

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

Gas exchange, waste removal

Question 2

Shape

Answer 2

Biconcave

Question 3

Surface area

Answer 3

High SA to volume ratio, so that O2 can rapidly defuse

Question 4

Size

Answer 4

7 micrometers

Question 5

Features

Answer 5

No organelles or nucleus

Question 6

Hemoglobin function

Answer 6

To allow for CO2 and O2 to reversibly combine.

Question 7

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 7

Oxygenated hemoglobin

Question 8

Carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 8

Carbonated hemoglobin

Question 9

What does oxygen bind to?

Answer 9

Fe2+ (Iron)

Question 10

Average oxygen concentration in Women

Answer 10

14g/ml

Question 11

Average oxygen concentration in men

Answer 11

15g/ml

Question 12

Red bone marrow function

Answer 12

Site of erythrocyte production

Question 13

Erythrocyte precursors function

Answer 13

Produce hemoglobin before losing organelles and nucleus

Question 14

Reticulocyte

Answer 14

Young erythrocytes with few ribosomes. They appear web like

Question 15

Erythrocyte life span

Answer 15

120 days, 1% destroyed daily

Question 16

Erythrocyte reproduction

Answer 16

Erythrocytes cannot undergo mitosis.

Question 17

Erythrocyte disposal

Answer 17

They are broken down in the spleen and liver. Iron is released.

Question 18

Bilirubin production

Answer 18

Major byproduct of hemoglobin, returns to circulation and into plasma, making it yellow

Question 19

Iron function

Answer 19

Binds to O2

Question 20

Iron production

Answer 20

Homeostatic, happens in the intestinal epithelium where it is absorbed from food

Question 21

Ferritin

Answer 21

Protein that binds iron to the liver, allowing it to be transported to the spleen to be broken down

Question 22

Transferrin

Answer 22

Transport protein that binds to iron, transporting almost all of it back to the bone marrow for new erythrocytes

Question 23

Folic acid

Answer 23

Required for synthesis of nucleotide base thymine.

Question 24

Vitamin B12

Answer 24

Is required to start folic acid synthesis.

Question 25

Vitamin B12 sources

Answer 25

Only found in animal products

Question 26

Intrinsic factor

Answer 26

Protein that absorbs B12 from the GI tract

Question 27

Pernicious anemia

Answer 27

Deficiency of B12 required for erythrocyte production

Question 28

Erythropoiesis

Answer 28

Generation of erythrocytes. Iron, folic acid and B12 are needed