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ES 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

fermi paradox

A

should be lots of life even if there’s no clear evidence

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2
Q

drake equation

A

attempts to calculate other life in the cosmos

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3
Q

what are the 3 top responses to the fermi paradox?

A

1) rare earth hypothesis
2) common earth hypothesis
3) the great filter
*all lead to the same conclusion

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4
Q

rare earth hypothesis

A

Earth is either unique or too unusual for complex life elsewhere

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5
Q

common earth hypothesis

A

life in the universe is common we just haven’t found it yet
-uses Drake equation

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6
Q

the great filter

A

-must be a set of obstacles that stop evolution
-filters ex: space too big, simple life common, intelligent species don’t last long

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7
Q

pluralism

A

valuing different approaches

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8
Q

logical fallacies

A

mistakes in critical thinking

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9
Q

type 1 error

A

false positive (dangerous)

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10
Q

type 2 error

A

false negative (dangerous)

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11
Q

indirect sources/proxy sources

A

studying one thing to understand something else

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12
Q

indicator species

A

pop size tells us something about ecosystem conditions

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13
Q

qualitative methods

A

non-numeric method for understanding what people believe and do

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14
Q

quantitive methods

A

numeric, can count

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15
Q

directional change

A

species extinctions can only happen once

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16
Q

correlation vs. causation

A

correlation = apparent relationship bw 2 variables
causation = actual relationship bw 2 variables

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17
Q

emergent properties

A

env system properties that only become known at larger scales
-scale of a mile

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18
Q

merchants of doubt

A

people paid to sow doubt in a community

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19
Q

triangulation

A

-using 2+ methods to address the same question
-more reliable than just 1
-also called mixed methods research

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20
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

total entropy or disorder will always increase in a closed system

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21
Q

earth’s mass extinctions (5 but now 6)

A

-dnd-ordovican
-late devonian
-end glualalupian/permian
-end triassic
-end cretaceous

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22
Q

pleistocene epoch

A

age of mammals, 11 major ice ages and interglacial periods

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23
Q

what started the first wave of 6th mass extinction?

A

the great migration

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24
Q

paleolithic

A

stone age

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25
holocene
-1st cities -emergence of diverse cultures
26
when did the anthropocene start?
started around the great acceleration (from WWII)
27
cherry picking
pointing to info while ignoring other info
28
hodgsen vs. turco
2 diff perspectives: -hodgsen=dramatic constant change (dynamic) -turco=earth dampens change (equilibrium)
29
eternal return
seeing nature as cyclical
30
western history
seasons, cycles, gods were angry when bad things happened
31
19th century
universal environmental change
32
carl linnaeus
argued for ordered nature
33
james huttons
theory of the earth (rock layers)
34
charles lyell
-uniformitarianism -same processes that shaped life on earth continues today
35
george cuvier
-catastrophism -earths history shaped by rare, unpredictable, transformative events
36
phyletic gradualism
large changes due to smaller changes over time
37
punctured equilibrium
rare events may lead to rapid changes or long periods of calm
38
gaia hypothesis
-5 atmospheric indicators -negative feedback towards equilibrium
39
chaos theory
-2 initial conditions -positive feedbacks influence change -future depends on now
40
succession
disturbed ecosystems eventually go back to normal
41
I=PAT
I=impact P=population A=affluence (consumption) T=technology
42
the malthusians
-pop leads to hunger -tech and affluence can alter rate of change but not affect the outcome -malthus got it wrong bc looking forward rather than backward
43
how does India push back on pop vs. consumption?
-it's not pop, it's consumption -people in India emit less
44
envi kuznets curve
-amount increases after initial period, total envi impact decreases w/ increasing wealth -fails to consider international trade -no simple result
45
george marsh
"impacts" are driving force of disturbance
46
albedo
ability of a surface to reflect light
47
keeling curve
tracks rise of global co2
48
how fast is the arctic melting?
4x
49
carbon budget
est amount of co2 world can emit while maintaining global temp rise (2 degrees)
50
el niño
trade winds blow W, reduces upwelling, sea surface temps rise, affecting global temps
51
attribution science
math models to determine whether extreme events are caused by humans
52
3 options to deal with cc
mitigation, adaption, suffering
53
montreal protocol
-aimed to phase out ozone depleting chemicals -social and cultural prob
54
abusive fallacy
-name calling -bc one person said it, it must be true
55
dilution effect
-controversial in health ecology -diverse ecosystems create situations where it's less likely to get spillover -complex math
56
spillover
movement of pathogens from one species to another
57
biodiversity levels of organization (smallest to largest)
-gene -individual -pop -species -ecosystem -biome
58
biodiversity hotspot
-34 regions -density of endemic species -species richness differs
59
dichotomy/false dilemma
either one thing or the other
60
6th mass extinction
-large groups of birds/amphibians under risk of extinction -HI first then CA
61
thomas mathus
"pop would make it hard for economics to grow" -pessimist
62
adam smith
-"free trade will optimize production" -talked about regulation
63
progressive era
series of reform movements
64
the elephant curve
-poverty and wealth had income growth, middle class didn't
65
utilitarianism
how much can I take out while keeping env sustainable (max sustainable yield)
66
robert costanza
-not everything is replaceable -thought experiment
67
lack of tolerance for cognitive dissonance
-contradictory thoughts, attitude, or evidence -2 things can be valid
68
economies of scale
as supply increases, price decreases
69
confirmation bias
-favoring info that supports prior beliefs
70
political backsliding
-access to democratic decision-making is being reduced over time due to unequal voting rights/flawed institutions
71
republic
government of the people
72
federalism
-power shared bw various members -states are the sovereigns (police power) -supreme clause -env issues questions states rights
73
constitutional basis for federal env laws
-commerce clause -treaty power -property power
74
public trust doctrine
states have some authority to conserve resources for people of the state
75
5 standards of regulation
1) command and control 2) tech or design 3) performance based 4) market based 5) voluntary *CA bill 32 combines all to reduce GHG
76
regional risk factors for emerging diseases?
habitat frag, pop size and growth, urbanization, migration, war, etc.
77
ad hominem
logical fallacy: is an attack on someone’s character or qualities
78
ecological guild– ex: large carnivores
group of creatures that exploit similar resources in similar ways
79
ecological vs environmental economics
environmental= traditional approaches- look at env the same way they do anything else ecological= lens of change- actively work to improve ecosystems
80
cognitive dissonance
logical fallacy: a state of having contradictory thoughts, attitudes, or evidence. For many people, this can be so confusing or even disorienting that they reject it, choosing instead to embrace a single belief
81
just transition
finding ways to help people shift to a low or no carbon society
82
supremacy clause
federal laws are supreme, even though states are seen as “sovereign”
83
appeal to authority
logical fallacy: “Because this person said it, it must be true"
84
managed retreat
buffering communities from coastal threats, if done in an orderly and planned way
85
What historic event in 2014 led to the poisoning of an entire community’s water supply and is a key example of an environmental justice issue?
lead poisoning in Flint, Michigan
86
hasty generalization
-problem of induction -I have an experience of something so I'm just gonna draw a conclusion from that -claim based on few examples
87
slippery slope
if you do one thing, another (and prob worse) thing is gonna follow
88
EPAs definition of env justice fails to account for...
why we are in this problem to begin with
89
3 Climate justice conclusions...
-risk -vulnerability -resilience
90
whataboutism
- a diversion or distraction - "yeah that's bad but what about this thing? that's bad too"
91
how much of pop lives on coast?
40% (less than 10% total land)
92
why are insurance companies retreating?
-increased claims -regulatory difficulties -withdrawal of reinsurance firms from markets
93
holdrens formula
-adaption -mitigation -suffering
94
what was the most powerful law passed w/o question
ESA
95
Kat Macay TA talk
-Red tail monkey project -aerospace (carbon emissions) -now works for FORVIS (counting carbon)
96
Alicia TA talk
-Wild salmon center internship -makes maps -salmon pop decreasing in NW bc of pebble mine
97
Eleri Griffiths TA talk
-Worked at NASA -SE coast ecological conservation (ghost forests= dead wet in wetlands)
98
Chloe Swick TA talk
-env economics & policy -studying whales from space -outlaw ocean project
99
Tatiana Bak TA talk
-env toxicology -coastal resource management -waste free waves (debris in Chumash sanctuary)
100
Micheal TA talk
-Historical ecology & biogeography -El Niño (why some fish show up where not supposed to)

ES 1 (2 decks)

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