ES2- Cell Biology Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that that can be single-celled or multi-cellular. DNA is located in the nucleus and has membrane bound organelles. They have a nucleus. (Ex. Animal and plant cells)
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A single-cell with no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles. It has loose DNA in the cytoplasm. (Ex. bacteria)
What are some differences between animal cells and plant cells?
- Plants cells are box shaped, animal cells are round
- Plant cells have a larger vacuole
- Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts
- Animal cells have lysosomes
Smooth ER
Synthesizes lipids
Lysosomes
Enzymes that breakdown macromolecules.
Cytoplasm
Holds organelles in place.
Chloroplasts
Uses sunlight to make food.
Nucleus
typically found in the center.
Golgi Apparatus
Packages macromolecules to be shipped out of the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Assists with structure and internal movement.
Mitochondria
Provides cell with energy.
Cell wall
Only found in any cells; provides structural support
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes; maze-like
Cilia
Hair-like structures that make the cell mobile.
Vacuole
stores water.
Cell Membrane
Consists of 2 layers of lipids with phosphorus in them.
Ribosomes
Creates proteins needed by the cell.
Passive Transport
(High to low concentration) doesn’t require energy.
Active transport
(Low to high concentration) requires energy.
Diffusion
High to low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
Uses channel/carrier proteins
Osmosis
Diffusion with water
Isotonic
Even amount of solute inside and outside of cell; same shape
Hypertonic
More solute inside, leaves and cell shrinks
