ESG_Glossary Flashcards

(300 cards)

1
Q
  1. AGMs (Annual General Meetings)
A

定義:
Annual general meetings, formal gatherings of shareholders to conduct official business of a company.

解釋:
AGMs 是股東召開的正式會議,用來討論和決定公司未來的關鍵事務,具體議程取決於公司註冊所在的國家或地區的法律規定。

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2
Q
  1. Automation
A

定義:
Technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimum human assistance.

解釋:
透過自動化技術,某些流程或操作可以在極少人力參與的情況下完成,通常用於提高生產速度並降低勞動成本。

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3
Q
  1. Best-in-class investment
A

定義:
Selecting only the companies that overcome a defined ranking hurdle, established using ESG criteria within each sector or industry.

解釋:
這種投資方法僅選擇在 ESG 評估中達到特定門檻的公司,並在每個行業或領域中挑選表現最佳的企業。

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4
Q
  1. Carbon footprint
A

定義:
The annual amount of greenhouse gas emissions, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting from the activities of an individual or group.

解釋:
碳足跡指的是個人或群體的行為(如能源使用、交通、消費等)每年產生的溫室氣體排放量,以二氧化碳當量計算。

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5
Q
  1. Circular economy
A

定義:
An economic model based on sharing, leasing, reuse, and recycling to retain the highest value of products, components, and materials.

解釋:
循環經濟是一種經濟模型,通過共享、租賃、重複使用和回收,最大化產品、零件和材料的使用價值,並減少浪費。

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6
Q
  1. Climate change adaptation
A

定義:
Adjusting to actual or expected future climate events, increasing resilience to climate change and reducing vulnerabilities.

解釋:
氣候變化適應是指為應對當前或未來的氣候挑戰,進行調整以增強社會的適應能力,減少氣候變化帶來的脆弱性。

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7
Q
  1. Climate change
A

定義:
A change of climate, directly or indirectly attributed to human activity, that alters the composition of the global atmosphere.

解釋:
氣候變化是指由人類活動直接或間接導致的氣候變化,超出了自然氣候變化的範疇,對全球大氣組成產生影響。

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8
Q
  1. EGM (Extraordinary General Meeting)
A

定義:
A formal gathering of shareholders to conduct official business of a company outside of the usual AGMs.

解釋:
EGM 是在年度股東大會(AGM)之外召開的股東特別會議,用於處理緊急或特定的公司事務。

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9
Q
  1. Climate change mitigation
A

定義:
Reducing the sources of greenhouse gas emissions or enhancing natural “sinks” that store these gases.

解釋:
氣候變化緩解是指減少溫室氣體排放源(如化石燃料燃燒)或增強自然碳匯(如森林)的吸收能力,以減緩氣候變化的過程。

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10
Q
  1. Consumer protection
A

定義:
Laws and other government regulations designed to protect the rights of consumers.

解釋:
消費者保護是指通過法律和政府監管來保障消費者的權益,防止企業的不公平行為。

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11
Q
  1. Digital disruption
A

定義:
The change caused when new digital technologies and business models affect the value proposition of existing goods and services.

解釋:
數位顛覆是指新興的數位技術和商業模式改變了現有產品和服務的價值,對傳統模式產生重大影響。

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12
Q
  1. Engagement
A

定義:
The active process of dialogue with a company where the investor seeks specific change.

解釋:
參與是指投資者與公司進行積極對話,試圖推動公司在特定領域實現改變,通常需要長期的互動和溝通。

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13
Q
  1. ESG investing
A

定義:
An approach to managing assets that explicitly acknowledges the relevance of ESG factors in investment decisions.

解釋:
ESG 投資是一種資產管理方法,投資者明確承認 ESG 因素對投資決策的重要性,並考慮長期回報和風險。

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14
Q
  1. ESG integration
A

定義:
The inclusion of ESG considerations within financial analysis and investment decisions.

解釋:
將環境(E)、社會(S)和公司治理(G)因素納入財務分析和投資決策中,以全面評估資產的風險和回報。

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15
Q
  1. Ethical and faith-based investment
A

定義:
Investing in line with certain principles, often using negative screening to avoid morally objectionable companies.

解釋:
道德和信仰投資是基於特定價值觀的投資方式,通常通過排除不符合道德或信仰標準的企業來實現。

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16
Q
  1. Externalities
A

定義:
Situations where the production or consumption of goods creates costs or benefits for others not reflected in their prices.

解釋:
外部性指商品生產或消費時產生的影響(成本或收益),這些影響未直接反映在商品的價格中,可為正面或負面。

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17
Q
  1. External social factors
A

定義:
Social factors related to how the product impacts society and stakeholders.

解釋:
外部社會因素指產品對社會和利益相關者產生的影響,例如環境或公共健康問題。

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18
Q
  1. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
A

定義:
An international non-profit organization that promotes responsible forest management worldwide.

解釋:
FSC 旨在推廣全球負責任的森林管理,確保森林資源的可持續性和生態系統的保護。

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19
Q
  1. Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)
A

定義:
An organization that reduces barriers to impact investing and builds critical infrastructure for the industry.

解釋:
GIIN 是一個致力於推動影響力投資發展的機構,為投資者提供教育、研究和基礎設施支援。

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20
Q
  1. Globalization
A

定義:
The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

解釋:
全球化是指人類、企業和政府之間的互動與整合過程,伴隨產品、信息、工作機會和文化的跨境擴散。

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21
Q
  1. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
A

定義:
The GRI publishes standards that guide organizations on disclosing environmental, social, and economic factors.

解釋:
全球報告倡議組織(GRI)發布環境、社會和經濟因素的披露標準,是世界各地組織常用的框架之一。

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22
Q
  1. Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA)
A

定義:
An international collaboration of membership-based sustainable investment organizations.

解釋:
全球可持續投資聯盟(GSIA)是由不同國家負責任投資論壇組成的國際合作組織,推進可持續投資在各地區的發展。

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23
Q
  1. Green bonds
A

定義:
Bonds used in green finance with proceeds earmarked for environmental-related projects.

解釋:
綠色債券是用於環境相關項目的融資工具,其資金專門用於減緩氣候變化或保護自然資源的項目。

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24
Q
  1. Greenhouse gases (GHGs)
A

定義:
Gases including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that warm the global climate.

解釋:
溫室氣體是指能吸收紅外輻射並加熱地球大氣的氣體,如二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亞氮。

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25. Green investment
定義: Allocating capital to assets that mitigate climate change and other environmental problems. 解釋: 綠色投資是將資金分配給能解決氣候變化、生物多樣性喪失及資源效率低下等環境問題的資產。
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27. Impact investing
定義: Investments made to generate positive, measurable social and environmental impact alongside financial return. 解釋: 影響力投資以追求財務回報的同時,實現可衡量的正面社會和環境影響,與慈善不同,重視雙重目標。
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26. Human rights
定義: Rights inherent to all human beings, such as the right to life, liberty, and education. 解釋: 人權是所有人與生俱來的權利,包括生命權、自由權和接受教育的權利,且不受種族、性別、宗教等身份差異的影響。
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28. Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change (IIGCC)
定義: A European membership body for investor collaboration on climate change issues. 解釋: 氣候變化機構投資者組織(IIGCC)是歐洲的投資者合作機構,專注於應對氣候變化的長期風險和機遇。
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29. Internal social factors
定義: Social factors within a company, such as employee treatment, gender balance, and pay ratios. 解釋: 內部社會因素包括企業內部的員工待遇、性別平衡及薪酬比例等可以影響公司運營的社會議題。
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30. International Corporate Governance Network (ICGN)
定義: An investor-led organization promoting effective corporate governance standards globally. 解釋: 國際公司治理網絡(ICGN)由投資者主導,致力於推進全球有效的公司治理標準和投資者責任。
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31. International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB)
定義: A global body developing sustainability disclosure standards for investors’ information needs. 解釋: 國際可持續發展標準委員會(ISSB)負責制定全球可持續性披露標準,滿足投資者對高質量信息的需求。
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33. Investors
定義: Parties, either retail or institutional, that hold a financial stake in an asset. 解釋: 投資者是指個人或機構持有資產財務權益的群體,無論是股票、債券還是其他資產類別。
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32. Investment managers
定義: People or organizations that invest on behalf of their clients under an investment mandate. 解釋: 投資經理是代表客戶按照投資授權進行資產配置和管理的專業人士或機構。
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37. Product liability
定義: The legal responsibility of a business for manufacturing or selling defective goods. 解釋: 產品責任是指企業因生產或銷售有缺陷產品而承擔的法律責任,保護消費者免受產品危害。
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34. Living wage
定義: A wage sufficient to cover workers’ basic living expenses, such as food, housing, and education. 解釋: 生活工資是指能夠滿足工人的基本生活需求(如食物、住房、教育等)的最低收入水平。
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36. Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
定義: An international network of investors working toward integrating ESG considerations into investment decisions. 解釋: 負責任投資原則(PRI)是一個國際投資者網絡,致力於將 ESG 因素納入投資決策中,提升可持續性。
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35. Materiality
定義: A factor is material if it will drive long-term financial value in a particular business. 解釋: 重要性指某個因素對企業的長期財務價值是否具有重大影響,ESG 投資中需辨別哪些因素是重要的。
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38. Responsible investment
定義: A strategy to incorporate ESG factors into investment decisions and active ownership. 解釋: 負責任投資是一種策略,將 ESG 因素納入投資決策,並通過積極參與來影響公司運營和社會環境。
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39. Risk mitigation
定義: Strategies implemented to reduce the severity or probability of financial loss. 解釋: 風險緩解是指採取策略降低財務損失的嚴重性或可能性,例如多樣化投資或保險。
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41. Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions
定義: A categorization of greenhouse gas emissions from companies: Scope 1: Direct emissions from core operations. Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy. Scope 3: Indirect emissions from the broader value chain (e.g., suppliers and customers). 解釋: 溫室氣體排放分為三類: 範疇 1:公司核心運營過程中的直接排放。 範疇 2:由購買能源產生的間接排放。 範疇 3:來自價值鏈(如供應商和客戶)的間接排放。
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40. Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
定義: An international organization promoting sustainable palm oil production and ending deforestation. 解釋: 可持續棕櫚油圓桌組織(RSPO)致力於推動可持續的棕櫚油生產,減少森林砍伐和相關社會衝突。
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42. Shareholder engagement
定義: Reflects active ownership by investors to influence corporate decisions on ESG matters through dialogue or voting. 解釋: 股東參與是指投資者以積極所有者的身份,通過與公司管理層對話或投票影響公司在 ESG 方面的決策。
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43. Shareholder Rights Directive (SRD)
定義: An EU law setting standards for shareholder treatment by EU companies and emphasizing their responsibilities. 解釋: 股東權利指令是歐盟法律,規範 EU 公司對股東的對待標準,強調股東的責任與義務。
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45. Social investment
定義: Allocating capital to assets that address social challenges. 解釋: 社會投資是將資金投入能解決社會問題的資產,例如教育、醫療或貧困減少相關項目。
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44. Shareholders
定義: Individuals or institutions that hold a direct equity position in a company and have rights like voting and engagement. 解釋: 股東是指持有公司股權的個人或機構,擁有投票權、參與決策和治理的權利,是公司的部分“所有者”。
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46. Socially responsible investment (SRI)
定義: A subset of ESG investing that seeks to avoid assets deemed less sustainable or responsible. 解釋: 社會責任投資是 ESG 投資的一部分,旨在降低對不可持續或不負責任資產的敞口,並增加對可持續資產的投資。
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47. Social megatrends
定義: Long-term social changes affecting governments, societies, and economies over a long period. 解釋: 社會巨變趨勢是指長期影響政府、社會和經濟的社會變化,例如全球化、家庭結構改變、人工智能的普及等。
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48. Stewardship
定義: The practice of being a good long-term owner of assets, ensuring value is added or preserved over time. 解釋: 資產管理中的受託責任是指作為資產所有者,確保資產的長期價值增加或維持的行為。
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49. Strategic asset allocation (SAA)
定義: An investment strategy that rebalances portfolios only when asset mix deviates significantly from the target allocation. 解釋: 戰略資產配置是一種長期投資策略,僅在資產配置偏離目標比例時進行再平衡。
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50. Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
定義: Issued sustainability reporting standards focused on key material sustainability issues for 77 industries. 解釋: 可持續會計標準委員會(SASB)針對 77 個行業的核心可持續性問題發布報告標準,幫助投資者進行標準化比較和報告。
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51. Sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs)
定義: Bonds used to finance sustainability projects with features like coupon rates linked to issuer-wide sustainability targets. 解釋: 可持續性掛鉤債券用於支持可持續項目,例如票息利率與發行人可持續目標的實現掛鉤。
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52. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
定義: A set of 17 interconnected global goals set by the UN in 2015, addressing poverty, inequality, climate change, and more. 解釋: 聯合國於 2015 年制定的 17 個可持續發展目標,旨在解決貧困、不平等、氣候變化等全球性挑戰。
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53. Sustainable investment
定義: Investments that contribute to a sustainable economy, minimizing natural and social resource depletion. 解釋: 可持續投資是指選擇能促進可持續經濟的資產,減少自然和社會資源的消耗,並考慮 ESG 因素。
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54. Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
定義: A framework for organizations to identify, assess, and report climate-related financial disclosures. 解釋: 氣候相關財務披露工作組(TCFD)為組織提供框架,用於披露與氣候相關的財務風險和機會,涉及治理、戰略、風險管理及指標等方面。
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55. Thematic investment
定義: Investing in companies that align with sustainability-related themes, like clean technology or climate change mitigation. 解釋: 主題投資是選擇與可持續性相關主題(如清潔技術或氣候變化緩解)相符的公司進行投資。
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56. Transition risk
定義: Risks resulting from changes in climate and energy policies. 解釋: 過渡風險是指因應氣候和能源政策變化而產生的風險,例如碳稅或新能源技術的引入對企業造成的影響。
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57. United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
定義: A partnership between the UNEP and the global financial sector to mobilize private sector finance for sustainable development. 解釋: 聯合國環境規劃署金融倡議(UNEP FI)是 UNEP 與全球金融部門的合作,旨在動員私營部門資金支持可持續發展。
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58. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
定義: An international treaty adopted in 1992 to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions and prevent dangerous climate interference. 解釋: 聯合國氣候變化框架公約(UNFCCC)是一項於 1992 年通過的國際條約,目的是穩定溫室氣體排放,避免危險的人為氣候影響。
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59. United Nations Global Compact (UNGC)
定義: A collaboration between companies and the UN to adhere to 10 principles derived from global standards like human rights. 解釋: 聯合國全球契約(UNGC)是聯合國與企業之間的合作,企業承諾遵守基於全球標準(如人權)的 10 條原則,推動可持續發展。
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60. Value Reporting Foundation (VRF)
定義: An organization that merged into the IFRS Foundation in 2022 and was responsible for SASB and Integrated Reporting standards. 解釋: 價值報告基金會(VRF)於 2022 年併入 IFRS 基金會,之前負責 SASB 和綜合報告標準,推動企業可持續性披露的全球統一。
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61. Stewardship Code
定義: A set of principles or guidelines aimed at promoting good governance by institutional investors. 解釋: 受託責任準則是一套原則或指導方針,旨在促進機構投資者以負責任的方式參與公司治理,確保資產的長期價值。
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62. Proxy Voting
定義: The process by which shareholders vote on corporate matters, either in person or by delegating their vote to a proxy. 解釋: 代理投票是股東通過親自參與或授權他人代表其對公司事務進行投票的過程,通常用於年度或特別股東會議。
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63. Dual Materiality
定義: Recognizes that sustainability factors can impact both a company’s financial performance and its wider impact on society and the environment. 解釋: 雙重重要性指可持續性因素既會影響企業的財務表現,也會對社會和環境造成更廣泛的影響,是 ESG 分析的重要框架之一。
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64. Just Transition
定義: A framework for ensuring that the transition to a low-carbon economy is fair and inclusive, minimizing negative social impacts. 解釋: 公正轉型是一個確保向低碳經濟過渡過程中公平與包容的框架,旨在減少對工人和社區的負面社會影響。
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66. Net Zero
定義: Achieving a balance between the greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere and those removed from it. 解釋: 淨零排放指通過減少排放和增加碳移除(如植樹或碳捕集技術)來實現溫室氣體排放與移除之間的平衡。
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65. Paris Agreement
定義: A legally binding international treaty adopted in 2015 to limit global warming to below 2°C, and preferably to 1.5°C. 解釋: 巴黎協定是 2015 年通過的具有法律約束力的國際條約,旨在將全球氣溫升幅限制在 2°C 以下,最好控制在 1.5°C 以內。
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67. Physical Risk
定義: Risks to assets and operations from physical climate-related events, such as extreme weather or rising sea levels. 解釋: 物理風險是指由氣候相關事件(如極端天氣或海平面上升)對資產和運營造成的威脅。
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68. Greenwashing
定義: The practice of marketing products, services, or investments as environmentally friendly when they are not. 解釋: 漂綠是指將產品、服務或投資誇大為環保友好,但實際上並非如此的行為,是一種誤導性的市場行為。
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69. Carbon Pricing
定義: A cost applied to carbon pollution to encourage polluters to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 解釋: 碳定價是對碳排放施加成本的機制,旨在鼓勵污染者減少溫室氣體排放,常見形式包括碳稅或碳排放交易系統。
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70. Carbon Offsetting
定義: The practice of compensating for carbon emissions by funding efforts to remove an equivalent amount of carbon from the atmosphere. 解釋: 碳補償是指通過資助減少或吸收等量碳排放的項目來抵消自身的碳排放,例如植樹或投資可再生能源。
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71. Social License to Operate (SLO)
定義: The ongoing acceptance of a company’s operations by its stakeholders, including communities and governments. 解釋: 社會運營許可是指企業運營獲得利益相關方(如社區和政府)的持續接受和支持,是企業長期運營的非正式“許可證”。
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72. Biodiversity
定義: The variety of life in the world, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and ecosystems. 解釋: 生物多樣性指地球上所有生命形式的多樣性,包括植物、動物、微生物以及它們所處的生態系統,是生態平衡的關鍵。
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73. Double Materiality Reporting
定義: Reporting that considers both the financial impact of sustainability issues on a company and the company’s impact on sustainability. 解釋: 雙重重要性報告同時考慮可持續性問題對公司財務的影響,以及公司運營對可持續性的影響。
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74. Carbon Neutrality
定義: Achieving net-zero carbon emissions by balancing emissions with removal efforts or purchasing offsets. 解釋: 碳中和是指通過減少排放、增加碳移除或購買碳補償來實現淨零碳排放的狀態。
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75. Clean Energy
定義: Energy that comes from renewable, zero-emission sources that do not pollute the atmosphere when used. 解釋: 清潔能源是指來自可再生、零排放來源的能源,例如風能、太陽能和水力發電,使用時不會污染大氣。
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76. Decarbonization
定義: The process of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from energy, industry, and other sectors. 解釋: 去碳化是指減少能源、工業和其他行業的二氧化碳排放的過程,是應對氣候變化的重要措施。
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77. ESG Rating
定義: A score assigned to companies based on their environmental, social, and governance practices. 解釋: ESG 評級是根據公司在環境、社會和治理方面的表現給予的分數,用於衡量其可持續性表現。
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78. Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
定義: Certificates representing proof that electricity was generated from renewable energy sources. 解釋: 可再生能源憑證(REC)是用於證明電力來自可再生能源(如風能或太陽能)的證明文件。
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79. Taxonomy Regulation
定義: An EU framework to define environmentally sustainable economic activities. 解釋: 分類法規是歐盟制定的框架,用於明確哪些經濟活動可以被認定為環境可持續,以促進綠色投資。
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80. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
定義: A company’s commitment to manage its social, environmental, and economic impacts responsibly. 解釋: 企業社會責任是指公司承諾以負責任的方式管理其在社會、環境和經濟上的影響,體現對社會的貢獻。
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83. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
定義: A process to evaluate the environmental effects of a proposed project or development before decisions are made. 解釋: 環境影響評估是一個在項目決策前,評估其對環境可能造成影響的過程,確保開發活動的可持續性。
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81. Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR)
定義: An EU regulation requiring financial market participants to disclose how they consider sustainability risks. 解釋: 可持續金融披露法規(SFDR)是歐盟的規範,要求金融市場參與者披露其如何考慮可持續性風險。
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82. Social Impact Bonds (SIBs)
定義: A financial instrument where repayment is tied to achieving specific social outcomes. 解釋: 社會影響債券是一種將償付與實現特定社會成果掛鉤的金融工具,旨在支持能解決社會問題的項目。
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84. Green Finance
定義: Financing investments that provide environmental benefits, such as renewable energy or pollution control. 解釋: 綠色金融是指為提供環境效益的項目(如可再生能源或污染治理)提供資金支持的活動。
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85. Circular Supply Chains
定義: Supply chains designed to minimize waste and maximize resource reuse by recycling and repurposing materials. 解釋: 循環供應鏈是一種旨在通過回收和重複利用材料,最大限度減少浪費並提高資源利用率的供應鏈模式。
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86. Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards (RPS)
定義: Mandates requiring a specific percentage of energy production to come from renewable sources. 解釋: 可再生能源配額標準是指要求一定比例的能源來自可再生能源的政策,以促進清潔能源的使用。
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87. Transition Finance
定義: Financing to help companies transition from high-carbon to low-carbon processes or operations. 解釋: 過渡性金融是支持企業從高碳運營轉型為低碳運營的資金,例如投資於減排技術或可再生能源應用。
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88. Social Equity
定義: The fair and just distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society. 解釋: 社會公平是指在社會中資源、機會和權利的公平分配,確保所有人都能平等地獲得基本需求和發展機會。
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89. Positive Screening
定義: An investment strategy that selects companies with strong ESG performance. 解釋: 正向篩選是一種投資策略,專門選擇在 ESG 表現上突出的公司,以支持可持續發展。
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90. Negative Screening
定義: An investment strategy that excludes companies involved in unethical or harmful activities. 解釋: 負向篩選是一種投資策略,排除涉及不道德或有害行為的公司,例如武器製造或煙草行業。
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91. Social Inclusion
定義: Ensuring all individuals have equal opportunities to participate in economic, social, and cultural life. 解釋: 社會包容是指確保所有人都能平等地參與經濟、社會和文化生活,減少歧視和排斥現象。
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92. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
定義: A process where carbon dioxide is captured at its source and stored underground to prevent it from entering the atmosphere. 解釋: 碳捕集與儲存是一種技術,將二氧化碳從排放源捕獲並儲存在地下,以防止其進入大氣層。
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93. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)
定義: A set of criteria used to evaluate a company’s performance in environmental, social, and governance aspects. 解釋: 環境、社會與治理(ESG)是一套標準,用於評估公司在環境影響、社會責任和公司治理方面的表現。
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94. Corporate Governance
定義: The system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. 解釋: 公司治理是指用於指導和控制公司的規則、操作和流程,確保公司運營的透明性和問責性。
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95. Sustainability-linked Loans (SLLs)
定義: Loans with interest rates tied to the borrower’s achievement of specific sustainability objectives. 解釋: 可持續性掛鉤貸款是指與借款人實現特定可持續目標掛鉤的貸款,其利率取決於目標的達成情況。
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96. Green Economy
定義: An economy that aims for sustainable development without degrading the environment. 解釋: 綠色經濟是一種以可持續發展為目標的經濟模式,避免對環境造成破壞,同時促進經濟增長。
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97. Climate Action Plan
定義: A strategic plan outlining actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change impacts. 解釋: 氣候行動計劃是一份戰略文件,詳細說明如何減少溫室氣體排放並緩解氣候變化帶來的影響。
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98. Green Building Standards
定義: Standards for designing and operating buildings to minimize environmental impact and improve energy efficiency. 解釋: 綠色建築標準是指設計和運營建築時的標準,旨在減少環境影響並提高能源效率,例如 LEED 認證。
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99. Fossil Fuel Divestment
定義: The withdrawal of investment funds from companies involved in extracting or producing fossil fuels. 解釋: 化石燃料撤資是指將資金從涉及化石燃料開採或生產的公司中撤出,以支持能源轉型和可持續發展。
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100. Long-termism
定義: A focus on creating sustainable value over the long term rather than prioritizing short-term gains. 解釋: 長期主義是指專注於創造長期的可持續價值,而非追求短期利益,是負責任投資的重要理念。
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101. Carbon Intensity
定義: The amount of carbon dioxide emissions produced per unit of output, such as per kilowatt-hour of electricity or per dollar of GDP. 解釋: 碳強度是指每單位產出(如每千瓦時電力或每美元 GDP)所產生的二氧化碳排放量,是衡量排放效率的重要指標。
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102. Blue Carbon
定義: Carbon captured and stored in coastal and marine ecosystems, such as mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes. 解釋: 藍碳是指沿海和海洋生態系統(如紅樹林、海草床、鹽沼)吸收並儲存的碳,是自然碳匯的一部分,對減緩氣候變化至關重要。
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104. Zero Waste
定義: A philosophy or goal to eliminate waste by redesigning systems and processes to maximize resource recovery and reuse. 解釋: 零廢棄是一種理念,通過重新設計系統和流程,最大化資源回收和重複使用,實現完全消除廢棄物的目標。
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103. Energy Transition
定義: The global shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to renewable and low-carbon energy sources. 解釋: 能源轉型是指全球從以化石燃料為基礎的能源系統向可再生和低碳能源轉變的過程,目的是減少溫室氣體排放。
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105. Environmental Justice
定義: The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people in environmental policies and practices, regardless of race, income, or status. 解釋: 環境正義是指在制定和實施環境政策時,公平對待所有人群,包括低收入和弱勢群體,確保他們不因環境問題受到不公影響。
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106. Science-Based Targets (SBTs)
定義: Emission reduction targets set by companies in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement, based on scientific evidence. 解釋: 科學基礎目標是指公司根據巴黎協定的目標和科學證據制定的減排目標,旨在將全球升溫控制在 1.5°C 或 2°C 內。
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107. Environmental Stewardship
定義: The responsible use and protection of the natural environment through conservation, sustainable practices, and restoration. 解釋: 環境管理是指通過保護、可持續實踐和恢復等方式,負責任地使用和保護自然環境。
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108. Corporate Sustainability
定義: A business approach that creates long-term value by managing environmental, social, and governance risks and opportunities. 解釋: 企業可持續性是一種商業方法,通過管理 ESG 風險和機會來創造長期價值,確保企業的可持續發展。
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109. Carbon Neutral Certification
定義: A certification awarded to organizations or products that achieve net-zero carbon emissions through reduction and offsetting. 解釋: 碳中和認證是授予通過減少和補償實現淨零碳排放的組織或產品的認證,表明其對氣候友好。
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110. Eco-efficiency
定義: A management philosophy that encourages creating more goods and services with less environmental impact. 解釋: 生態效率是一種管理理念,鼓勵在減少環境影響的同時,生產更多的商品和服務,實現經濟和環境效益的平衡。
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111. Green Infrastructure
定義: A network of natural and semi-natural systems that deliver ecosystem services, such as clean water, air, and biodiversity. 解釋: 綠色基礎設施是由自然和半自然系統組成的網絡,提供生態系統服務,如清潔水源、空氣和生物多樣性支持。
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112. Low-carbon Economy
定義: An economy that minimizes greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining sustainable economic growth. 解釋: 低碳經濟是一種在減少溫室氣體排放的同時,保持經濟可持續增長的經濟模式。
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113. Green Premium
定義: The additional cost of choosing sustainable or environmentally friendly products and services over conventional ones. 解釋: 綠色溢價是指選擇可持續或環保產品和服務相較於傳統產品所需支付的額外成本。
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114. Regenerative Agriculture
定義: Farming practices that restore soil health, increase biodiversity, and improve ecosystems while producing food. 解釋: 再生農業是一種農業方法,通過恢復土壤健康、增加生物多樣性和改善生態系統,在生產食物的同時促進可持續性。
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115. Sustainable Supply Chain
定義: A supply chain that integrates environmental, social, and governance considerations into its operations and sourcing decisions. 解釋: 可持續供應鏈是將 ESG 因素納入其運營和採購決策的供應鏈模式,確保資源使用的可持續性和社會責任。
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116. Water Stress
定義: A situation where the demand for water exceeds the available supply during a certain period or when poor quality restricts its use. 解釋: 水資源壓力是指某一時期內,對水的需求超過供應量,或因水質問題限制了其使用的情況。
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118. Green Jobs
定義: Jobs that contribute to preserving or restoring the environment, such as renewable energy, conservation, and recycling. 解釋: 綠色就業是指有助於保護或恢復環境的工作,例如可再生能源、自然保護和資源回收等相關工作。
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117. Climate Resilience
定義: The ability of a system or community to prepare for, recover from, and adapt to climate-related impacts. 解釋: 氣候韌性是指系統或社區應對、恢復和適應氣候相關影響的能力,例如防範極端天氣事件的能力。
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119. Net Positive Impact
定義: A state where an organization’s activities result in more positive outcomes for the environment and society than negative ones. 解釋: 淨正向影響是指一個組織的活動對環境和社會的正面影響超過其負面影響,實現積極貢獻。
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120. Triple Bottom Line (TBL)
定義: A framework that evaluates a company’s performance based on three dimensions: social, environmental, and financial. 解釋: 三重底線是一種評估企業表現的框架,從社會、環境和財務三個維度進行全面衡量,強調可持續發展的重要性。
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126. Scope 4 Emissions
定義: The avoided emissions achieved through a company’s products or services that replace higher-emission alternatives. 解釋: 範疇 4 排放是指公司通過其產品或服務替代高排放選擇所實現的減排,例如電動車取代燃油車。
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124. Green Taxonomy
定義: A classification system that defines which economic activities are environmentally sustainable. 解釋: 綠色分類法是一個定義哪些經濟活動具有環境可持續性的分類系統,用於指導投資和政策制定。
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121. Sustainability Reporting
定義: The process by which companies disclose information about their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. 解釋: 可持續報告是指公司公開其在環境、社會和公司治理(ESG)方面表現的信息,目的是提高透明度並促進利益相關方的信任。
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123. Nature-based Solutions (NbS)
定義: Actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural ecosystems to address societal challenges. 解釋: 基於自然的解決方案是指通過保護、可持續管理和恢復自然生態系統,應對社會挑戰(例如氣候變化和水資源短缺)。
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122. Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)
定義: A policy mandate requiring a certain percentage of a region’s electricity to come from renewable energy sources. 解釋: 可再生能源配額標準是一種政策,要求特定地區的電力供應中有一定比例來自可再生能源,例如風能或太陽能。
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125. Fossil Fuel Subsidies
定義: Government financial support for fossil fuel production and consumption. 解釋: 化石燃料補貼是指政府對化石燃料生產和消費提供的財政支持,例如降低燃料價格或資助能源企業。
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129. Carbon Sequestration
定義: The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide in plants, soil, or geological formations. 解釋: 碳封存是指將大氣中的二氧化碳捕獲並儲存在植物、土壤或地質結構中的過程,以減少溫室氣體濃度。
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128. Biodiversity Offsetting
定義: Conservation actions intended to compensate for the loss of biodiversity caused by development projects. 解釋: 生物多樣性補償是指為彌補開發項目導致的生物多樣性損失而採取的保護行動,例如創建或恢復棲息地。
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127. Sustainable Cities
定義: Cities designed with consideration for environmental impact, resource efficiency, and quality of life for residents. 解釋: 可持續城市是指在設計時注重減少環境影響、提高資源效率並改善居民生活質量的城市,例如智能交通和綠色建築。
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130. Transition Bonds
定義: Bonds issued to fund projects that help companies transition to more sustainable practices. 解釋: 過渡債券是為支持企業向更可持續的運營模式轉型而發行的債券,例如能源效率提升或碳排放減少項目。
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135. Greenwashing Risk
定義: The risk that a company or product is falsely marketed as environmentally friendly. 解釋: 漂綠風險是指公司或產品被虛假宣傳為環保友好,但實際上並非如此,可能導致投資者或消費者的誤導。
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132. Ethical Sourcing
定義: The process of ensuring that the products being sourced are obtained in a responsible and sustainable way. 解釋: 道德採購是指確保採購的產品以負責任和可持續的方式獲得,並避免剝削勞工或破壞環境。
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136. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
定義: A technique to assess the environmental impacts of a product throughout its entire life cycle. 解釋: 生命周期評估是一種技術,用於評估產品在整個生命周期內(從生產到處置)對環境的影響,例如碳足跡和資源使用。
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131. Responsible Consumption
定義: The practice of consuming goods and services in a way that minimizes environmental and social impact. 解釋: 負責任消費是指以減少環境和社會影響的方式消費商品和服務,例如選擇可持續產品或減少浪費。
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133. Carbon Market
定義: A trading system where companies can buy or sell allowances for greenhouse gas emissions. 解釋: 碳市場是一種交易系統,公司可以在其中買賣溫室氣體排放配額,例如碳信用交易機制。
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134. ESG-linked Loans
定義: Loans where the terms are tied to the borrower’s performance on environmental, social, and governance criteria. 解釋: ESG 掛鉤貸款是指貸款條件與借款人在環境、社會和治理(ESG)方面的表現掛鉤,例如利率可能基於 ESG 目標的達成進行調整。
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138. ESG Benchmarking
定義: The process of comparing a company’s ESG performance against industry peers or standards. 解釋: ESG 基準比較是將公司的 ESG 表現與同行或行業標準進行比較,幫助評估其在可持續性方面的競爭力。
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137. Decent Work
定義: Opportunities for work that are productive, deliver fair income, and ensure safe conditions with social protections. 解釋: 體面工作是指提供公平收入、保障安全工作條件並提供社會保護的生產性工作機會,符合國際勞工組織的標準。
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146. Environmental Footprint
定義: A measure of the environmental impact of a person, organization, or product, often expressed in terms of resource use or emissions. 解釋: 環境足跡是衡量個人、組織或產品對環境影響的指標,通常以資源使用量或排放量表示,例如碳足跡或水足跡。
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144. Circular Economy
定義: An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and promoting the continual use of resources through recycling and reuse. 解釋: 循環經濟是一種經濟系統,旨在減少廢棄物,通過回收和重複利用促進資源的持續使用,實現可持續發展。
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141. Responsible Business Conduct (RBC)
定義: The commitment of businesses to integrate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations into their operations. 解釋: 負責任的商業行為是指企業承諾將環境、社會和治理(ESG)因素納入其業務運營和決策中,確保可持續發展。
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139. Renewable Energy Goals
定義: Targets set by organizations or governments to increase the share of energy derived from renewable sources. 解釋: 可再生能源目標是指企業或政府設定的目標,用於提高能源中來自可再生來源的比例,例如 100% 可再生能源使用計劃。
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140. Supply Chain Transparency
定義: The practice of ensuring full visibility into the operations, sourcing, and labor practices of a company’s supply chain. 解釋: 供應鏈透明度是指確保公司供應鏈的運營、採購和勞工實踐的全面可見性,促進負責任的供應鏈管理。
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142. Social Capital
定義: The networks, relationships, and trust that enable individuals and groups to work together effectively. 解釋: 社會資本是指促進個人和團體有效合作的網絡、關係和信任,是社會運作和經濟發展的重要基礎。
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143. Resource Efficiency
定義: The use of resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes value. 解釋: 資源效率是指以最小的浪費和最大的價值使用資源,目的是實現經濟增長與環境保護的平衡。
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145. ESG Integration
定義: The explicit inclusion of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in investment decision-making. 解釋: ESG 整合是指在投資決策中明確納入環境、社會和治理(ESG)因素,以提升投資績效和可持續性。
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147. Impact Assessment
定義: A process to evaluate the potential consequences of a project or policy on the environment, society, or economy. 解釋: 影響評估是一種評估項目或政策對環境、社會或經濟潛在影響的過程,確保決策的可持續性。
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148. Ethical Investment
定義: An investment approach that considers moral principles and values alongside financial returns. 解釋: 道德投資是一種投資方法,將道德原則和價值觀與財務回報結合,例如避免投資於武器或煙草行業。
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150. Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC)
定義: A policy or commitment by an organization to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions over a specified period. 解釋: 碳減排承諾是指組織承諾在特定時期內減少其二氧化碳排放,以支持氣候目標和可持續發展。
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152. Sustainable Development
定義: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 解釋: 可持續發展是指在滿足當代需求的同時,不損害後代滿足其需求能力的發展模式,強調資源和環境的長期保護。
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151. ESG Disclosure
定義: The reporting of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data by organizations to inform stakeholders of their sustainability practices. 解釋: ESG 披露是指組織公開其在環境、社會和治理(ESG)方面數據的行為,讓利益相關方了解其可持續性實踐。
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149. Stakeholder Engagement
定義: The process by which an organization involves its stakeholders in decision-making and operations to address their concerns and expectations. 解釋: 利益相關方參與是指組織通過與利益相關方互動,將其納入決策和運營,解決其關切並滿足期望的過程。
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154. Energy Efficiency
定義: The goal of using less energy to provide the same level of service or output. 解釋: 能源效率是指以更少的能源消耗實現相同水準的服務或產出,旨在降低能源浪費和環境影響。
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153. Environmental Remediation
定義: The removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, or air. 解釋: 環境修復是指從土壤、地下水或空氣等環境介質中清除污染物或有害物質的過程,恢復環境健康。
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165. Social Governance
定義: The management of social issues within a company, such as labor rights, diversity, and community impact. 解釋: 社會治理是指企業對內部和外部社會問題的管理,例如勞工權益、性別多樣性和對社區的影響。
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155. Green Logistics
定義: The process of minimizing the environmental impact of logistics activities such as transportation, warehousing, and packaging. 解釋: 綠色物流是指在運輸、倉儲和包裝等物流活動中,盡量減少對環境的影響,例如採用低排放運輸工具或可回收包裝材料。
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157. Water Footprint
定義: A measure of the amount of water used to produce goods and services, often expressed in liters or cubic meters. 解釋: 水足跡是衡量生產商品和服務所需水量的指標,通常以升或立方米為單位表示,反映水資源使用的效率和影響。
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158. Responsible Leadership
定義: Leadership that prioritizes ethical behavior, sustainability, and the well-being of all stakeholders. 解釋: 負責任的領導是指在領導過程中優先考慮道德行為、可持續性以及所有利益相關方福祉的領導風格。
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156. ESG Risk
定義: The potential impact of environmental, social, and governance issues on a company’s financial performance or reputation. 解釋: ESG 風險是指環境、社會和治理問題可能對公司財務表現或聲譽造成的潛在影響,例如氣候風險或勞工爭議。
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162. ESG Materiality Map
定義: A tool that identifies and prioritizes ESG issues that are most likely to impact a company’s financial performance. 解釋: ESG 重要性地圖是一種工具,用於識別和優先考慮最有可能影響公司財務表現的 ESG 問題,例如氣候風險或勞工待遇。
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159. Waste Hierarchy
定義: A ranking of waste management options based on their environmental impact, from prevention to disposal. 解釋: 廢棄物層級是根據環境影響對廢棄物管理選項進行排名的原則,從預防、減量、重複使用到最終處置依次遞減。
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161. Green Deal
定義: A policy initiative, such as the European Green Deal, aimed at achieving climate neutrality and promoting sustainable economic growth. 解釋: 綠色協議是一項政策倡議,例如歐洲綠色協議,旨在實現氣候中和並促進可持續經濟增長,包含能源轉型和減排目標。
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160. Impact Investing Metrics
定義: Key performance indicators (KPIs) used to measure the social and environmental outcomes of impact investments. 解釋: 影響力投資指標是用於衡量影響力投資在社會和環境方面成果的關鍵績效指標(KPI),如減排量或就業創造數據。
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163. Responsible Innovation
定義: The practice of developing technologies and products ethically, considering their social and environmental impacts. 解釋: 負責任創新是指在開發技術和產品時,考慮其道德性以及對社會和環境的影響,確保技術進步與可持續性相一致。
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169. Ethical Consumerism
定義: The practice of purchasing products and services that align with ethical values, such as sustainability or fair trade. 解釋: 道德消費主義指選擇符合倫理價值的商品或服務,例如支持公平貿易、環保產品或動物友好產品的消費行為。
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164. Carbon Leakage
定義: The phenomenon where carbon emissions are shifted to countries or regions with less stringent climate policies. 解釋: 碳洩漏是指排放因氣候政策較為寬鬆的地區而轉移的現象,例如公司將高排放生產轉移至環保法規較弱的國家。
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166. Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
定義: Tradable certificates that represent proof of renewable energy generation. 解釋: 可再生能源憑證是可交易的證明文件,證明一定量的電力來自可再生能源,例如風能或太陽能。
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167. Green Supply Chain
定義: A supply chain designed to minimize environmental impacts through sustainable sourcing, production, and distribution. 解釋: 綠色供應鏈是一種通過可持續採購、生產和分銷來減少環境影響的供應鏈設計,例如使用環保材料和減少運輸排放。
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172. Climate Adaptation
定義: The process of adjusting to actual or expected climate change and its effects to reduce harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. 解釋: 氣候適應是指調整以應對實際或預期的氣候變化及其影響的過程,例如建設防洪基礎設施或改變農作物品種以適應氣候條件。
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173. Social Value Creation
定義: The generation of positive social outcomes through business activities or investments. 解釋: 社會價值創造是指通過商業活動或投資,產生對社會有益的結果,例如改善健康、教育或社區發展。
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168. Social Impact Measurement
定義: The process of assessing the social outcomes and benefits of a project or initiative. 解釋: 社會影響測量是指評估一個項目或倡議的社會成果和效益的過程,例如改善教育機會或減少貧困的程度。
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170. Task Force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
定義: A global initiative to develop a framework for reporting and managing nature-related risks and opportunities. 解釋: 自然相關財務披露工作組(TNFD)是一項全球倡議,旨在開發框架,幫助企業披露和管理與自然相關的風險和機會。
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171. Inclusive Growth
定義: Economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all. 解釋: 包容性增長是指以公平分配為基礎的經濟增長,確保所有人都有機會參與並從中受益,特別是弱勢群體。
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174. Climate-smart Agriculture
定義: Agricultural practices designed to increase productivity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building resilience to climate change. 解釋: 氣候智慧型農業是指旨在提高生產力的同時,減少溫室氣體排放並增強應對氣候變化能力的農業實踐,例如改進灌溉技術或採用耐旱作物。
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177. Green Economy Initiative
定義: A program or policy designed to promote economic growth while reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. 解釋: 綠色經濟倡議是旨在促進經濟增長的同時,減少環境風險和生態稀缺性的計劃或政策,例如推動可再生能源產業。
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175. Environmental Equity
定義: The fair distribution of environmental benefits and risks across all groups in society. 解釋: 環境公平是指在社會各群體之間公平分配環境效益和風險,例如確保低收入社區不受污染項目影響。
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176. Net Zero Pathway
定義: A strategic plan or roadmap outlining how an organization will achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. 解釋: 淨零路徑是指組織實現溫室氣體淨零排放的戰略計劃或路線圖,包括減排措施和碳補償策略。
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178. ESG Performance Indicators
定義: Metrics used to evaluate a company’s performance in environmental, social, and governance areas. 解釋: ESG 表現指標是用於評估公司在環境、社會和治理領域表現的衡量標準,例如碳排放量、性別平等或董事會結構。
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180. Eco-labeling
定義: A labeling system that identifies products or services meeting specific environmental standards. 解釋: 環保標籤是一種標識系統,用於識別符合特定環境標準的產品或服務,例如能源之星標籤或有機食品認證。
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179. Green Transportation
定義: Transportation systems or methods that minimize environmental impact, such as electric vehicles or public transit. 解釋: 綠色交通是指減少環境影響的交通系統或方式,例如使用電動車、共享單車或發展公共交通系統。
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181. Climate Finance
定義: Financing aimed at supporting mitigation and adaptation actions to address climate change. 解釋: 氣候融資是為支持應對氣候變化的減緩和適應行動提供的資金,例如投資於可再生能源或防災基礎設施。
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183. Energy Transition Bonds
定義: Bonds issued to finance projects that facilitate the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy. 解釋: 能源轉型債券是為支持從化石燃料向可再生能源轉型的項目融資而發行的債券,例如太陽能發電廠建設。
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182. Environmental Risk Management
定義: The process of identifying, evaluating, and mitigating risks related to environmental factors. 解釋: 環境風險管理是指識別、評估和減輕與環境相關風險的過程,例如污染治理或氣候災害應對計劃。
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184. ESG Frameworks
定義: Guidelines and standards used by organizations to measure and report their ESG performance. 解釋: ESG 框架是用於企業衡量和報告其環境、社會和治理(ESG)表現的指導原則和標準,例如 GRI 或 SASB 框架。
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186. Decarbonized Portfolio
定義: An investment portfolio that minimizes exposure to carbon-intensive assets or industries. 解釋: 去碳化投資組合是指減少對高碳資產或行業敞口的投資組合,例如避免投資於化石燃料企業。
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185. Green Public Procurement (GPP)
定義: A policy approach where governments prioritize environmentally friendly products and services in procurement. 解釋: 綠色公共採購是指政府在採購中優先選擇環保產品和服務的政策,例如購買低能耗設備或使用可再生建材。
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187. Green Banking
定義: Banking practices that support sustainable projects and encourage environmentally friendly financial products. 解釋: 綠色銀行業是指支持可持續項目和提供環保金融產品的銀行業務,例如綠色貸款或可再生能源專項融資。
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188. Triple Bottom Line Investing
定義: An investment approach that considers financial, social, and environmental returns. 解釋: 三重底線投資是一種考慮財務、社會和環境回報的投資方法,旨在實現利益相關方和可持續性的雙贏。
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189. Planetary Boundaries
定義: A framework that defines the safe operating space for humanity based on environmental limits. 解釋: 行星界限是一種框架,定義了人類在環境限制內的安全運作空間,例如氣候變化、生物多樣性喪失和淡水使用的界限。
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191. Social Sustainability
定義: The ability of a society to maintain and improve social well-being over time. 解釋: 社會可持續性是指社會在長期內維持和改善社會福祉的能力,例如促進教育普及、健康公平和社會包容。
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190. Climate-smart Investment
定義: Investments made to address or mitigate the risks and impacts of climate change. 解釋: 氣候智慧型投資是指為應對或減輕氣候變化風險和影響而進行的投資,例如支持氣候適應技術或低碳經濟項目。
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195. Environmental KPI (Key Performance Indicator)
定義: Metrics used to measure an organization’s environmental performance. 解釋: 環境關鍵績效指標(KPI)是衡量組織環境表現的指標,例如能源消耗、碳排放或廢棄物回收率。
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193. Green Recovery
定義: Economic recovery plans that prioritize sustainability and low-carbon development. 解釋: 綠色復甦是指以可持續性和低碳發展為優先的經濟復甦計劃,例如推動清潔能源基礎設施建設或綠色就業機會。
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192. ESG Data Providers
定義: Organizations that collect, analyze, and provide ESG-related data to investors and stakeholders. 解釋: ESG 數據提供商是收集、分析並向投資者和利益相關方提供 ESG 相關數據的機構,例如 MSCI 或 Sustainalytics。
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194. Low-carbon Technology
定義: Technologies that produce minimal greenhouse gas emissions during their life cycle. 解釋: 低碳技術是指在整個生命周期內產生最少溫室氣體排放的技術,例如風力發電、電動車或高效能建築技術。
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197. Inclusive Finance
定義: Financial services that are accessible and affordable to underserved or marginalized populations. 解釋: 包容性金融是指向未被充分服務或弱勢群體提供可獲得且可負擔的金融服務,例如微型貸款或農村銀行業務。
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196. Carbon Budget
定義: The maximum amount of carbon dioxide emissions allowed to keep global warming below a certain level. 解釋: 碳排放預算是指為將全球升溫控制在特定水準以下所允許的最大二氧化碳排放量,例如為實現 1.5°C 目標設定的碳預算。
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198. Biodiversity Net Gain
定義: A principle where development projects leave biodiversity in a better state than before. 解釋: 生物多樣性淨增是指開發項目在完成後,生物多樣性狀況比開發前更好的原則,例如創建新棲息地或恢復退化土地。
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199. Social Bonds
定義: Bonds issued to raise funds for projects that deliver social benefits, such as affordable housing or healthcare. 解釋: 社會債券是為支持提供社會效益的項目(如經濟適用房或醫療服務)而發行的債券,具有明確社會目標。
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201. Carbon Offsetting
定義: The process of compensating for carbon dioxide emissions by investing in projects that reduce or remove emissions elsewhere. 解釋: 碳補償是指通過投資減少或移除其他地方碳排放的項目,來抵消自身的二氧化碳排放,例如植樹或可再生能源項目。
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202. Just Transition
定義: A framework to ensure fairness and equity for workers and communities as economies shift to low-carbon systems. 解釋: 公正轉型是一個框架,旨在確保經濟向低碳系統轉型時,工人和社區能夠公平過渡,例如提供技能培訓和社會保障。
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200. Sustainable Infrastructure
定義: Infrastructure designed to be environmentally friendly, socially inclusive, and economically viable over its lifecycle. 解釋: 可持續基礎設施是指在其生命周期內具備環境友好性、社會包容性和經濟可行性的基礎設施,例如智慧城市中的綠色交通網絡。
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203. Green Bonds Principles (GBP)
定義: Voluntary guidelines that promote transparency and integrity in the green bond market. 解釋: 綠色債券原則(GBP)是促進綠色債券市場透明性和誠信的自願性指導方針,用於確保資金用於環保項目。
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204. Sustainable Agriculture
定義: Farming practices that meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. 解釋: 可持續農業是指滿足當前糧食需求的農業實踐,同時保護資源以確保後代的需求,如有機耕作和生物多樣性保護。
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205. ESG Ratings
定義: Scores assigned to companies based on their environmental, social, and governance performance. 解釋: ESG 評級是根據公司在環境、社會和治理(ESG)方面的表現給出的評分,用於幫助投資者評估其可持續性。
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206. Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative
定義: A group of asset managers committed to supporting the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. 解釋: 淨零資產管理倡議是一個資產管理公司聯盟,承諾支持到 2050 年實現溫室氣體淨零排放的目標,例如通過低碳投資。
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207. Water Neutrality
定義: A state where an organization’s water use is balanced by replenishing the same amount of water back into the environment. 解釋: 水中和是指組織的用水量與回補到環境中的水量相平衡,例如通過雨水收集或生態修復實現。
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208. Green Financing Framework
定義: A set of guidelines that organizations use to issue green bonds or loans, ensuring alignment with sustainability goals. 解釋: 綠色融資框架是一套指導方針,用於幫助組織發行綠色債券或貸款,並確保其符合可持續發展目標。
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209. Physical Climate Risks
定義: Risks associated with physical impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather, or droughts. 解釋: 物理氣候風險是指氣候變化的物理影響帶來的風險,例如海平面上升、極端天氣事件或乾旱。
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211. Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB)
定義: An international consortium that provides a framework for companies to disclose climate-related financial information. 解釋: 氣候披露標準委員會(CDSB)是一個國際聯盟,為企業提供框架以披露與氣候相關的財務信息,幫助投資者了解氣候風險。
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210. Carbon-negative
定義: A state where an organization removes more carbon from the atmosphere than it emits. 解釋: 碳負排是指組織從大氣中移除的碳量超過其排放量,例如通過碳捕集技術和大規模植樹實現。
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213. Resilience Bond
定義: A bond designed to fund projects that enhance a community’s resilience to climate-related risks. 解釋: 韌性債券是為資助增強社區應對氣候相關風險的項目而設計的債券,例如興建防洪堤壩或升級基礎設施。
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212. Environmental Profit and Loss (EP&L)
定義: A tool to measure the environmental costs and benefits of a company’s operations across its value chain. 解釋: 環境損益表(EP&L)是一種工具,用於衡量企業在其價值鏈中帶來的環境成本和效益,例如水資源消耗或碳排放影響。
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218. Paris-aligned Investing
定義: An investment strategy that aligns with the goals of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2°C. 解釋: 與巴黎協議保持一致的投資是指符合巴黎協議目標的投資策略,例如支持低碳技術或能源效率提升項目。
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214. Negative Emissions Technology (NET)
定義: Technologies that actively remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. 解釋: 負排放技術是指主動從大氣中移除溫室氣體的技術,例如直接空氣捕集(DAC)或生物能源與碳捕集和儲存(BECCS)。
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217. Climate-positive Development
定義: Projects or initiatives that reduce or eliminate more greenhouse gases than they produce. 解釋: 氣候正向發展是指減少或消除的溫室氣體排放量超過項目自身產生的排放,例如綠色建築或再生農業項目。
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216. Fossil Fuel Phase-out
定義: The gradual reduction and eventual elimination of fossil fuel use in favor of renewable energy sources. 解釋: 化石燃料逐步淘汰是指逐步減少並最終停止使用化石燃料,改用可再生能源,例如將燃煤電廠替換為太陽能或風能設施。
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215. Carbon Footprint Labeling
定義: A label on products that indicates the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during their production and distribution. 解釋: 碳足跡標籤是標示在產品上的標籤,顯示其生產和分銷過程中產生的二氧化碳排放量,例如「碳零」食品標籤。
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219. Sustainable Product Design
定義: The creation of products with minimal environmental impact across their life cycle. 解釋: 可持續產品設計是指在產品整個生命周期內,盡量減少環境影響的設計方法,例如可回收包裝或模組化設計。
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220. Carbon Neutral Supply Chain
定義: A supply chain that offsets all emissions to achieve net-zero carbon output. 解釋: 碳中和供應鏈是指通過減少和補償排放實現淨零碳排放的供應鏈,例如使用綠色物流和可再生能源。
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221. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
定義: A set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations to address social, economic, and environmental challenges by 2030. 解釋: 可持續發展目標(SDGs)是聯合國制定的 17 項全球目標,旨在到 2030 年解決社會、經濟和環境挑戰,例如消除貧困、氣候行動和可持續城市。
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222. Energy as a Service (EaaS)
定義: A business model where energy services, such as efficiency upgrades or renewable energy systems, are provided as a subscription. 解釋: 能源即服務(EaaS)是一種商業模式,通過訂閱的方式提供能源服務,例如節能升級或可再生能源設備安裝與維護。
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223. Environmental Justice Screening Tool
定義: A tool used to identify communities disproportionately affected by environmental hazards. 解釋: 環境正義篩查工具是用於識別受環境危害不成比例影響的社區的工具,例如污染熱點地區的低收入群體。
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224. Emissions Intensity
定義: The amount of greenhouse gases emitted per unit of economic output, energy production, or product. 解釋: 排放強度是指每單位經濟產出、能源生產或產品所產生的溫室氣體排放量,例如每千瓦時電力的二氧化碳排放量。
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225. Green Hydrogen
定義: Hydrogen produced using renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar, with minimal carbon footprint. 解釋: 綠色氫氣是指用可再生能源(如風能或太陽能)生產的氫氣,其碳足跡極低,是清潔能源的重要來源。
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226. Renewable Energy Auction
定義: A competitive process where developers bid to supply renewable energy at the lowest price. 解釋: 可再生能源拍賣是一種競爭性程序,開發商通過競標提供最低價格的可再生能源,以促進市場效率和成本下降。
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227. Transition Risk
定義: The financial and operational risks associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy. 解釋: 轉型風險是指與向低碳經濟轉型相關的財務和運營風險,例如政策變化或市場對高碳產品需求下降。
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228. Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs)
定義: Vehicles that produce no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, such as electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles. 解釋: 零排放車輛(ZEVs)是指在運行過程中不產生溫室氣體排放的車輛,例如電動車或氫燃料電池車。
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229. Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU)
定義: A process of capturing carbon dioxide emissions and converting them into useful products or materials. 解釋: 碳捕集與利用(CCU)是指捕獲二氧化碳排放並將其轉化為有用產品或材料的過程,例如用於生產建材或燃料。
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230. Eco-efficiency Analysis
定義: A method to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of a product, process, or service. 解釋: 生態效率分析是一種評估產品、流程或服務在經濟和環境方面表現的方法,例如通過比較資源使用和成本效益得出結論。
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231. Urban Resilience
定義: The ability of cities to adapt and thrive in the face of social, economic, and environmental challenges. 解釋: 城市韌性是指城市在面對社會、經濟和環境挑戰時的適應和發展能力,例如應對極端天氣或基礎設施壓力。
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232. Ethical Trade
定義: Trade practices that ensure fair wages, safe working conditions, and respect for workers’ rights. 解釋: 倫理貿易是指確保公平工資、安全工作條件和尊重工人權利的貿易實踐,例如支持公平貿易認證的供應鏈。
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233. Climate Mitigation Hierarchy
定義: A framework that prioritizes avoiding emissions, reducing emissions, and offsetting unavoidable emissions. 解釋: 氣候減緩層級是一個框架,優先考慮避免排放、減少排放和補償無法避免的排放,例如通過提高能源效率或使用碳信用額。
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234. Bio-based Economy
定義: An economy that uses renewable biological resources, such as plants and microorganisms, to produce goods and energy. 解釋: 生物基經濟是指利用可再生生物資源(如植物和微生物)來生產商品和能源的經濟模式,例如生物塑料或生物燃料。
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235. Climate-sensitive Design
定義: Design principles that incorporate climate adaptation and mitigation strategies to enhance resilience. 解釋: 氣候敏感設計是指在設計中融入氣候適應和減緩策略,以增強韌性,例如設計抗洪建築或使用低碳建材。
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236. Net Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA)
A coalition of banks committed to aligning their lending and investment portfolios with net-zero emissions by 2050. 解釋: 淨零銀行聯盟(NZBA)是一個銀行聯盟,承諾在 2050 年前將其貸款和投資組合與淨零排放目標保持一致。
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237. Sustainable Event Management
定義: The practice of organizing events in a way that minimizes environmental impact and maximizes social benefits. 解釋: 可持續活動管理是指以減少環境影響和最大化社會效益的方式組織活動,例如使用可再生能源或減少一次性塑料。
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238. Low-carbon Materials
定義: Materials that have a reduced carbon footprint during production, use, and disposal. 解釋: 低碳材料是指在生產、使用和處置過程中碳足跡較低的材料,例如低碳混凝土或回收金屬。
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239. Biodiversity Risk Assessment
定義: The process of identifying and evaluating risks to biodiversity from business operations or projects. 解釋: 生物多樣性風險評估是指識別和評估業務運營或項目對生物多樣性構成的風險,例如棲息地破壞或物種滅絕的可能性。
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240. Green Design Thinking
定義: A problem-solving approach that incorporates sustainability principles into the design process. 解釋: 綠色設計思維是一種將可持續性原則融入設計過程的解決問題方法,例如設計可持續包裝或循環經濟產品。
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241. Responsible Resource Management
定義: The sustainable and efficient use of natural resources to minimize waste and environmental impact. 解釋: 負責任的資源管理是指可持續且高效地利用自然資源,以減少浪費和環境影響,例如推行零廢棄工廠或節水技術。
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242. Impact-weighted Accounts
定義: Financial statements that include the social and environmental impacts of a company’s operations. 解釋: 影響加權賬戶是將公司運營的社
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243. Green Skills
定義: Skills needed to support the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon economy. 解釋: 綠色技能是指支持向可持續和低碳經濟轉型所需的技能,例如可再生能源技術、廢棄物管理和節能設計能力。
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244. Corporate Climate Action Plan
定義: A strategic document outlining a company’s goals, actions, and timelines to address climate change. 解釋: 企業氣候行動計劃是一份戰略文件,闡明公司應對氣候變化的目標、行動和時間表,例如減排目標或能源轉型計劃。
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245. Green Consumer Behavior
定義: The purchasing choices of consumers based on environmental and sustainability considerations. 解釋: 綠色消費行為是指消費者基於環境和可持續性考量的購買選擇,例如購買有機食品或支持環保品牌。
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246. Renewable Energy Storage
定義: Technologies that store energy generated from renewable sources for later use. 解釋: 可再生能源儲存是指將可再生能源(如太陽能或風能)產生的能量儲存起來供以後使用的技術,例如電池儲能系統或抽水蓄能。
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247. Environmental Debt
定義: The cost of restoring environmental damage caused by an organization’s activities. 解釋: 環境債務是指修復因組織活動造成的環境破壞所需的成本,例如污染清理費用或生態系統恢復支出。
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248. Carbon Market Integrity
定義: The credibility and transparency of mechanisms for trading carbon credits and offsets. 解釋: 碳市場完整性是指碳信用和補償交易機制的可信度和透明度,例如確保碳信用額的真實性和可核查性。
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249. Blue Economy
定義: An economic system that sustainably uses ocean and marine resources for economic growth. 解釋: 藍色經濟是指可持續利用海洋和海洋資源來促進經濟增長的經濟模式,例如漁業、海洋旅遊和海上風電開發。
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250. ESG-linked Bonds
定義: Bonds where the terms are tied to the issuer’s performance on ESG metrics. 解釋: ESG 掛鉤債券是指條款與發行人在環境、社會和治理(ESG)指標上的表現掛鉤的債券,例如利率可能根據碳排放目標調整。
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251. Fossil Fuel Divestment
定義: The process of selling off investments in companies involved in fossil fuel extraction or production. 解釋: 化石燃料撤資是指出售涉及化石燃料開採或生產的公司投資,例如撤資於煤炭、石油和天然氣行業。
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252. Planetary Health
定義: The health of human populations and the natural systems on which they depend. 解釋: 地球健康是指人類群體與其所依賴的自然系統的健康狀況,例如氣候變化對健康的影響或生態系統退化的後果。
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253. Sustainable Tourism
定義: Tourism that minimizes environmental impact and benefits local communities. 解釋: 可持續旅遊是指減少對環境影響並促進當地社區受益的旅遊模式,例如生態旅遊或支持當地文化的旅遊業務。
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254. Regenerative Agriculture
定義: Farming practices that restore soil health, increase biodiversity, and sequester carbon. 解釋: 再生農業是指恢復土壤健康、提高生物多樣性並封存碳的農業實踐,例如輪作、覆蓋作物和減少耕作。
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255. Green Certificate Trading
定義: A market-based mechanism for trading certificates that represent renewable energy production. 解釋: 綠色證書交易是一種市場機制,用於交易代表可再生能源生產的證書,例如風能或太陽能的綠色電力證書。
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256. Circular Design
定義: A design approach that focuses on creating products for reuse, recycling, and minimal waste. 解釋: 循環設計是一種設計方法,專注於創造可重複使用、可回收並將廢棄物降至最低的產品,例如模組化手機或可回收包裝。
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257. Nature-positive Solutions
定義: Actions that enhance biodiversity and ecosystems while addressing societal challenges. 解釋: 自然正向解決方案是指在解決社會問題的同時,增強生物多樣性和生態系統的行動,例如恢復濕地或保護森林。
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258. Responsible Advertising
定義: Marketing practices that promote ethical messages, sustainability, and transparency. 解釋: 負責任的廣告是指推廣道德信息、可持續性和透明度的營銷實踐,例如避免誤導消費者的環保宣傳。
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259. Water Resilience
定義: The capacity of communities and ecosystems to manage and adapt to water-related challenges. 解釋: 水韌性是指社區和生態系統管理和適應與水有關挑戰的能力,例如乾旱、洪水或水資源短缺。
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260. Climate Migration
定義: The movement of people due to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels or extreme weather. 解釋: 氣候移民是指由於氣候變化影響(如海平面上升或極端天氣)而導致的人口遷移,例如沿海地區居民因海水倒灌而遷離。
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261. Carbon Intensity Reduction
定義: The process of decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per unit of energy or economic output. 解釋: 碳強度降低是指減少每單位能源或經濟產出的二氧化碳排放量,例如提高能源效率或使用低碳燃料。
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262. Green Retrofitting
定義: The process of upgrading existing buildings to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. 解釋: 綠色翻新是指改造現有建築以提高能源效率和減少環境影響,例如安裝節能窗戶或太陽能板。
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263. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
定義: A technique to assess the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product's life cycle. 解釋: 生命周期評估(LCA)是一種技術,用於評估產品生命周期各階段的環境影響,例如從原料開採到廢棄處置的碳足跡。
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264. Green Swans
定義: Positive, large-scale shifts in society or the economy resulting from sustainable innovations. 解釋: 綠色天鵝是指由可持續創新引發的積極、廣泛的社會或經濟變化,例如可再生能源的快速普及。
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265. Environmental Compliance
定義: Adherence to environmental laws, regulations, and standards by organizations. 解釋: 環境合規是指組織遵守環境法律、法規和標準,例如控制污染排放或遵守廢棄物管理規定。
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266. Ocean Acidification
定義: The ongoing decrease in the pH of Earth's oceans caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 解釋: 海洋酸化是指地球海洋的 pH 值因吸收大氣中的二氧化碳而持續下降的現象,對海洋生態系統構成威脅,例如珊瑚礁白化。
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267. Sustainable Urban Mobility
定義: Transportation systems in cities designed to reduce emissions and improve accessibility while promoting public transit and active travel. 解釋: 可持續城市交通是指旨在減少排放、改善通行性並促進公共交通和步行、騎行的城市交通系統,例如電動巴士或共享單車。
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268. Climate Refugees
定義: Individuals forced to leave their homes due to the adverse effects of climate change. 解釋: 氣候難民是指因氣候變化的負面影響(如洪水、乾旱或海平面上升)而被迫離開家園的人,例如沿海島嶼居民的遷徙。
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269. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
定義: A policy that imposes carbon costs on imported goods to prevent carbon leakage and level the playing field. 解釋: 碳邊境調整機制是指對進口商品徵收碳成本的政策,旨在防止碳洩漏並確保公平競爭,例如歐盟的 CBAM 計劃。
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270. Renewable Energy Communities
定義: Groups of individuals or organizations that collectively produce, consume, and manage renewable energy. 解釋: 可再生能源社區是指共同生產、消費和管理可再生能源的個人或組織,例如社區太陽能項目或本地風力發電設施。
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271. Green Economy Transition
定義: The shift from a traditional economy to one that is sustainable, low-carbon, and resource-efficient. 解釋: 綠色經濟轉型是指從傳統經濟向可持續、低碳和資源高效的經濟模式轉變,例如發展清潔能源和循環經濟產業。
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272. Climate-smart Cities
定義: Urban areas designed to mitigate climate change impacts through sustainable infrastructure and planning. 解釋: 氣候智慧型城市是指通過可持續基礎設施和規劃應對氣候變化影響的城市,例如建設綠色建築和增加城市綠地。
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273. Environmental Cost Accounting
定義: The process of including environmental costs in financial decision-making and reporting. 解釋: 環境成本會計是指在財務決策和報告中納入環境成本的過程,例如污染治理費用或資源消耗成本。
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274. Blue Carbon
定義: Carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems, such as mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes. 解釋: 藍碳是指儲存在沿海和海洋生態系統中的碳,例如紅樹林、海草床和鹽沼,這些系統在碳封存中發揮重要作用。
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275. Resilient Supply Chains
定義: Supply chains designed to withstand disruptions caused by climate change or other shocks. 解釋: 韌性供應鏈是指能夠應對氣候變化或其他衝擊造成的中斷的供應鏈,例如多元化供應商或本地化生產。
187
276. Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA)
定義: A method to assess the social impacts of a product or service throughout its life cycle. 解釋: 社會生命周期評估(SLCA)是一種評估產品或服務整個生命周期的社會影響的方法,例如對勞工權益或社區福祉的影響。
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277. Environmental Offset
定義: Actions taken to compensate for environmental damage caused by a project or activity. 解釋: 環境補償是指為彌補項目或活動造成的環境損害而採取的行動,例如恢復棲息地或資助保護區建設。
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278. Climate-resilient Agriculture
定義: Farming practices that adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. 解釋: 氣候韌性農業是指適應和減緩氣候變化影響的農業實踐,例如選擇耐旱作物或實施保水技術。
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279. Nature-based Enterprises
定義: Businesses that use nature-based solutions to address societal challenges while generating economic value. 解釋: 自然基礎企業是指利用自然基礎解決方案解決社會挑戰,同時創造經濟價值的企業,例如生態旅遊或可再生材料製造。
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280. Zero Waste Economy
定義: An economic system where all materials are reused, recycled, or composted, eliminating waste. 解釋: 零廢棄經濟是指所有材料都被重複使用、回收或堆肥,徹底消除廢棄物的經濟系統,例如循環設計和資源回收。
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281. Carbon Pricing
定義: A policy tool that assigns a monetary cost to carbon dioxide emissions to incentivize reduction. 解釋: 碳定價是一種政策工具,為二氧化碳排放分配貨幣成本,鼓勵減排,例如碳稅或碳交易系統。
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282. Energy Efficiency Standards
定義: Regulations that set minimum efficiency requirements for appliances, buildings, or vehicles. 解釋: 能源效率標準是針對電器、建築或車輛設定的最低效率要求,例如節能家電標準或建築節能法規。
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283. Greenwashing
定義: A deceptive practice where organizations exaggerate or misrepresent their environmental efforts. 解釋: 漂綠是指組織誇大或誤導其環保努力的行為,例如在產品上標示不實的環保標籤。
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284. Sustainable Procurement
定義: The process of purchasing goods and services with consideration for their environmental and social impacts. 解釋: 可持續採購是指在購買商品和服務時考量其環境和社會影響,例如選擇公平貿易產品或低碳供應商。
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285. Carbon Neutral Certification
定義: A certification given to organizations or products that achieve net-zero carbon emissions. 解釋: 碳中和認證是授予實現淨零碳排放的組織或產品的認證,例如通過減排與碳補償達成的標準認證。
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286. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM)
定義: A management approach that ensures forests meet environmental, social, and economic needs sustainably. 解釋: 可持續森林管理(SFM)是一種管理方法,確保森林可持續地滿足環境、社會和經濟需求,例如負責任的伐木和森林再生計劃。
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287. Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
定義: Regulations that require a certain percentage of electricity to come from renewable sources. 解釋: 可再生能源配額標準(RPS)是要求一定比例的電力來自可再生能源的規定,例如要求電力公司提供 20% 的清潔能源。
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288. Waste-to-Energy (WTE)
定義: A process that generates energy in the form of electricity or heat from waste materials. 解釋: 廢棄物轉能源(WTE)是一種從廢棄物中生成電力或熱能的過程,例如通過焚燒垃圾來發電。
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289. Sustainable Business Model Innovation
定義: The development of new business models that integrate sustainability into core operations. 解釋: 可持續商業模式創新是指在核心運營中融入可持續性的全新商業模式,例如共享經濟平台或循環經濟業務。
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290. Community Energy Projects
定義: Energy initiatives owned and operated by local communities to generate renewable energy and share benefits. 解釋: 社區能源項目是指由當地社區擁有和運營的能源計劃,以生產可再生能源並共享收益,例如社區風電場或太陽能合作社。
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291. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Integration
定義: The process of including ESG factors into investment decision-making. 解釋: ESG 整合是指將環境、社會和治理(ESG)因素納入投資決策的過程,例如評估公司的碳足跡或勞工待遇。
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292. Natural Climate Solutions (NCS)
定義: Actions that protect, restore, or manage ecosystems to address climate change and biodiversity loss. 解釋: 自然氣候解決方案是指通過保護、恢復或管理生態系統來應對氣候變化和生物多樣性喪失,例如森林種植或濕地恢復。
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293. Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategy
定義: A plan to lower the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, or product. 解釋: 碳足跡減少策略是指降低個人、組織或產品所造成的總溫室氣體排放量的計劃,例如提升能源效率或改用清潔能源。
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294. Low-carbon Economy
定義: An economy based on low greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining growth and development. 解釋: 低碳經濟是指在保持經濟增長和發展的同時,實現溫室氣體低排放的經濟模式,例如推廣電動車和可再生能源。
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295. Climate-smart Supply Chains
定義: Supply chains designed to minimize carbon emissions and adapt to climate risks. 解釋: 氣候智慧型供應鏈是指旨在減少碳排放並適應氣候風險的供應鏈,例如選擇低碳運輸方式或本地供應商。
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296. Sustainable Fisheries
定義: Fishing practices that ensure the long-term health of fish populations and marine ecosystems. 解釋: 可持續漁業是指確保魚類資源和海洋生態系統長期健康的捕撈實踐,例如限制捕撈量和使用無害的漁具。
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297. Urban Heat Island Effect
定義: The phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to human activities. 解釋: 城市熱島效應是指由於人類活動,城市地區的氣溫高於周邊農村地區的現象,例如由建築物吸熱和缺乏綠地造成的升溫。
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298. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
定義: A United Nations program that allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits. 解釋: 清潔發展機制(CDM)是聯合國的一個計劃,允許發展中國家的減排項目獲得核證減排量(CER)信用額,例如建設風力發電場。
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299. Sustainable Energy Access
定義: Providing reliable and affordable energy services to underserved populations using sustainable sources. 解釋: 可持續能源接入是指通過可持續來源向未被充分服務的人群提供可靠且可負擔的能源服務,例如離網太陽能系統或生物質能源。
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300. Energy Transition Index (ETI)
定義: A ranking system that measures a country's progress in transitioning to a sustainable energy system. 解釋: 能源轉型指數(ETI)是一種衡量國家向可持續能源系統過渡進展的排名系統,例如評估可再生能源佔比和能源效率。