esl Flashcards
Chomsky
ppl are born with grammatical knowledge
Universal Grammar
children are born with innate ability
Poverty of Stimulus
c are not born with enough exposure to their native language to acquire every feture of the language
Pinker
we are predisposed to learn a language
language=human instinct
Cognitive Model
by Pinker (Children think before they speak)
Has 4 Stages
Sensorimotor
1/4. Birth-2
interaction and experience for children.
child can imitate sounds
Pre-Operational
2/4. 2-7years old
talks a lot without a purpose.
egocentric
speech= thinking aloud
Concrete-Operational
3/4. 7-11 years old
high intelligence
logical and organized thinking
language is used to refer to specific and concrete concepts, but NOT abstract concepts.
some can remain at this stage forever.
Formal-Operational
4/4. 11-x years old
symbols and abstract concepts.
uses inductive and deductive reasoning.
Connectionism
language develops through engagement
Krashen
required natural interaction.
children will pick up grammar naturally by immersion.
interaction matters more than correction.
information is given higher than the child’s level.
Monitor Model with 5 Hypothesis
Monitor Model
with 5 Hypothesis of SLA
Acquisition-Learning
The distinction between acquisition (the unconscious process through repeated exposure) and learning (formal instruction) is important.
only acquisition will allow effective learning.
=Monitor Model
(Comprehensible) Input
necessary for students who are learning a new language.
slightly above their level and is enough for language acquisition.
understood by the learner.
focuses on the meaning and simplified speech. (modeling, visuals, gestures etc.)
Monitor
(The learned system acts like a monitor of the acquired system)
knowledge through formal learning is useful in certain settings like written and self-correction.
Has drawbacks, as it only focuses on only one element of speech.
can distract learners from conveying meaning.
