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ESL Supplemental Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Phoneme

A

The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another
ex: bad and bat

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2
Q

Digraphs

A

Phonemes that are made up of more than one letter:
sh, ch, th, ng, ph
Although there are two letters, there is one sounds

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3
Q

Consonant blends

A

groups of two or three consonants in a word that create a distinct sound:
bl, cl, wr, tr, sm

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4
Q

Minimal pair

A

pair of words that differ only by one phoneme (rat/bat, lose/loose). Used for ELLs or any emerging reader learning phonemic awareness

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5
Q

Place of articulation

A

place where air is constricted to create sound

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6
Q

alveolar ridge

A

(part of your mouth that gets burned when eating pizza) place of articulation for: d, t, s, z, n

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7
Q

bilabial

A

sounds are produced between the lips: b, p, m

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8
Q

Manner of articulation

A

helps explain why different sounds can have the same place of articulation

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9
Q

plosive

A

manner of articulation: stopping and releasing airstream t

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10
Q

nasal

A

manner of articulation: flowing airstream through nose n

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11
Q

fricative

A

manner of articulation: blocking airstream with a narrow opening d, z, s

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12
Q

cognate

A

words in different languages that look or sound similar and have a similar meaning

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13
Q

semantic drift

A

describes the evolution of word’s usage again within on language

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14
Q

Syntax

A

merely the study of the rules for the construction of sentences in a natural language

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15
Q

language interference

A

ways to express affect by adding in a syllable from the L1

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16
Q

morphology

A

patterns of word formation

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17
Q

language register

A

demonstrating awareness by adapting speech depending on social situation

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18
Q

required for a student to become a proficient English speller

A
  • know that certain letters are silent under specific circumstances
  • know that written vowels have many sounds
  • possess strong memorization skills
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19
Q

focusing on conventions

A

is counterproductive for ELLs because the learners’ efforts need to be on communication not the form of language used

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20
Q

Reading in English

A

helps model proper sentence structure and vocabulary that can carry over to improve writing

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21
Q

past tense marker in English is -ed. changing verbs to past tense is an example of:

A

English grammar and morphology

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22
Q

Latins languages have an easier time learning English than Germanic because

A

their lexical items are similar

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23
Q

Discourse

A

refers specifically to the communication of thoughts in speech or writing, not vocabulary

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24
Q

Semantics

A

the study of word or symbol meaning; important because one word or sentence might have multiple meanings or figurative rather than literal

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25
skills are
integrated
26
language acquisition theory
children are born with a language acquisition device that helps their language development. children unconsciously learn normal social interaction without the need of structured vocab teaching or grammatical structures
27
Content-based ESL instruction
teaching a new language while simultaneously teaching a new content, using the two concepts to complement learning
28
communicative competence requires
comfort in using English in all situations
29
comprehensive instructional activity
combines multiple learning activities
30
high-frequency words
based on its frequency in written material, not spoken language
31
phonogram
written character that represents a specific speech or combination of phonemes
32
Dolch liist
basic sight words in english should know by grade 2
33
ELPS
english language proficiency skills
34
LAT
Linguistic accommodations tst
35
Assimilation
the process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of prevailing culture
36
Enculturation
the process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values
37
Deculturalization
the removing or abondoning of one;s own culture in replacement of another
38
Krashen's theories
``` Natural Order Hypothesis Acquisition/earning Hypothesis Monitor Hypothesis Input Hypothesis Affective Filter Hypothesis ```
39
Natural Order Hypothesis
(Krasen's theory) we acquire the rules of language on a predictable order
40
Acquisition Learning Hypothesis
adults have two distinctive ways of developing competences in second languages.. using language for real communication
41
Monitor Hypothesis
conscious learning, can only be used as a Monitor or an editor
42
Input Hypothesis
how the learner acquires a second language - how second language acquisition takes place
43
Affective Filter
variables play a facilitative, but non-casual role in second language acquisition - motivation, self-confidence and anxiety
44
Diagnosis
process of determining or analyzing a students' performance level or level of language proficiency
45
Language Register
level of formality with which you speak
46
content based instruction
refers to a variety of instructional models in which academic subject matter is taught in a second or foreign language
47
Cognitive Approach
distinction between meaningful learning (relatable to concepts that are already established in learners cognitive structure) and rote learning (relatively isolated concepts that are learned verbatim and not integrated
48
Total Physical Response
based on premise that human beings are biologically programmed to learn languages and this programming works the same for adults
49
Natural Approach
based on the use of language in communicative situations usually without recourse to the native language
50
communicative language approach
language is a toll for communication and students learn language by using it to communicate
51
lexile approach
teaching focses on collocations or the way words combine in predictable ways
52
Lau v. Nichols
1974 San Fran parents of Asian students brought suit since there was no ESL programs -courts decided civil rights were violated and court madated schools take effective measures for ESL students
53
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 | separate but equal is constitutional
54
brown v. board
1954 overturned plessy v ferguson and said segregation is unequal
55
Lau Remedies
1975 - madated bilingual edu - identify and evaluate home language - appropriate instruction determined - decides when LEP ready for mainstream class - determine professional standards teacher must see
56
Plyer v. Doe
1982 | undocumented immigrants must be given same education
57
No Child Left Behind
2001 | language instruction for LEP students will be funded under title III
58
Meyers v. Nebraska
1923 made clear that 14th amendment provides protection for language minorities said state can legilate language used in schools for instruction but must allow languge classes outside of school
59
Castaneda v. Pickard
1978 mandates programs for language minority students must be - based on sound edu theory - implemented effectively with sufficient resources and personnel - evaluated to determine effectiveness.
60
Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson and Johnson v. San Francisco Unified School District
Chinese Americans fought a desegregation order that would force students out of biligual education programs - courts ruled against
61
Farrington v. Tokushige
court offered further protections of after-school community language programs after attempts by education authorities to put restrictions on Japanese and Chinese heritage language programs
62
Serna v prtales
white majority school in new mexico that failed to meet unique needs of spanish surnamed students

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