Esophagus Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus?
A
“Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)”
2
Q
What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula?
A
“Proximal esophageal atresia with distal TEF”
3
Q
What is the main symptom of esophageal atresia in neonates?
A
“Drooling
4
Q
Which diagnostic test confirms esophageal atresia?
A
“Failure to pass a nasogastric tube on X-ray”
5
Q
What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
A
“Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)”
6
Q
Which infectious agent is most commonly associated with esophagitis in immunocompromised patients?
A
“Candida albicans”
7
Q
What is the characteristic endoscopic finding in Candida esophagitis?
A
“White pseudomembranous plaques”
8
Q
What is the treatment for Candida esophagitis?
A
“Oral fluconazole”
9
Q
What are the characteristic endoscopic findings in CMV esophagitis?
A
“Large linear ulcers”
10
Q
What is the treatment for CMV esophagitis?
A
“Ganciclovir”
11
Q
What are the characteristic endoscopic findings in HSV esophagitis?
A
“Small
12
Q
What is the treatment for HSV esophagitis?
A
“Acyclovir”
13
Q
What is the most common cause of pill-induced esophagitis?
A
“NSAIDs
14
Q
Which condition is characterized by progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids?
A
“Achalasia”
15
Q
What is the pathophysiology of achalasia?
A
“Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax due to loss of myenteric plexus”
16
Q
What is the characteristic finding on esophageal manometry in achalasia?
A
“Increased LES pressure and absence of peristalsis”
17
Q
What is the characteristic barium swallow finding in achalasia?
A
“Bird’s beak appearance”
18
Q
What is the primary treatment for achalasia?
A
“Pneumatic dilation or Heller myotomy”
19
Q
Which esophageal motility disorder is associated with chest pain and dysphagia?
A
“Diffuse esophageal spasm”
20
Q
What is the barium swallow finding in diffuse esophageal spasm?
A
“Corkscrew esophagus”
21
Q
What is the primary treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm?
A
“Calcium channel blockers or nitrates”
22
Q
Which condition is associated with chronic GERD and metaplastic columnar epithelium replacing squamous epithelium?
A
“Barrett’s esophagus”
23
Q
What is the increased risk associated with Barrett’s esophagus?
A
“Esophageal adenocarcinoma”
24
Q
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Barrett’s esophagus?
A
“Endoscopy with biopsy”
25
What is the first-line treatment for Barrett’s esophagus?
"Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)"
26
Which esophageal cancer is more common in smokers and alcoholics?
"Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"
27
Which esophageal cancer is more common in patients with GERD and obesity?
"Esophageal adenocarcinoma"
28
What is the most common presenting symptom of esophageal cancer?
"Progressive dysphagia"
29
What is the best initial test for diagnosing esophageal cancer?
"Barium swallow followed by endoscopy with biopsy"
30
What is the characteristic finding on barium swallow for esophageal cancer?
"Irregular narrowing with ulceration"
31
Which esophageal disorder is characterized by a Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Protrusion of pharyngeal mucosa through Killian’s triangle"
32
What is the primary symptom of Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Regurgitation of undigested food and halitosis"
33
What is the treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Cricopharyngeal myotomy"
34
Which syndrome is associated with esophageal webs
iron deficiency anemia
35
What is the treatment for Plummer-Vinson syndrome?
"Iron supplementation"
36
Which esophageal disorder is associated with CREST syndrome?
"Esophageal dysmotility due to systemic sclerosis"
37
What is the primary mechanism of GERD?
"Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incompetence"
38
What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing GERD?
"24-hour esophageal pH monitoring"
39
What is the first-line medical treatment for GERD?
"Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)"
40
What lifestyle modifications can help manage GERD?
"Weight loss
41
Which condition presents with a full-thickness rupture of the esophagus?
"Boerhaave syndrome"
42
What is the most common cause of Boerhaave syndrome?
"Forceful vomiting"
43
What is the characteristic finding on chest X-ray for Boerhaave syndrome?
"Mediastinal air (pneumomediastinum)"
44
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Boerhaave syndrome?
"Esophagography with contrast"
45
Which condition presents with longitudinal mucosal tears at the gastroesophageal junction due to retching?
"Mallory-Weiss syndrome"
46
What is the most common cause of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
"Forceful vomiting
47
What is the treatment for Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
"Supportive care
48
What is the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Chronic immune-mediated esophageal inflammation"
49
What is the characteristic endoscopic finding in eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Esophageal rings and linear furrows"
50
What is the treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Dietary modification
51
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus?
"Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)"
52
What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula?
"Proximal esophageal atresia with distal TEF"
53
What is the main symptom of esophageal atresia in neonates?
"Drooling
54
Which diagnostic test confirms esophageal atresia?
"Failure to pass a nasogastric tube on X-ray"
55
What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)"
56
Which infectious agent is most commonly associated with esophagitis in immunocompromised patients?
"Candida albicans"
57
What is the characteristic endoscopic finding in Candida esophagitis?
"White pseudomembranous plaques"
58
What is the treatment for Candida esophagitis?
"Oral fluconazole"
59
What are the characteristic endoscopic findings in CMV esophagitis?
"Large linear ulcers"
60
What is the treatment for CMV esophagitis?
"Ganciclovir"
61
What are the characteristic endoscopic findings in HSV esophagitis?
"Small
62
What is the treatment for HSV esophagitis?
"Acyclovir"
63
What is the most common cause of pill-induced esophagitis?
"NSAIDs
64
Which condition is characterized by progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids?
"Achalasia"
65
What is the pathophysiology of achalasia?
"Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax due to loss of myenteric plexus"
66
What is the characteristic finding on esophageal manometry in achalasia?
"Increased LES pressure and absence of peristalsis"
67
What is the characteristic barium swallow finding in achalasia?
"Bird’s beak appearance"
68
What is the primary treatment for achalasia?
"Pneumatic dilation or Heller myotomy"
69
Which esophageal motility disorder is associated with chest pain and dysphagia?
"Diffuse esophageal spasm"
70
What is the barium swallow finding in diffuse esophageal spasm?
"Corkscrew esophagus"
71
What is the primary treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm?
"Calcium channel blockers or nitrates"
72
Which condition is associated with chronic GERD and metaplastic columnar epithelium replacing squamous epithelium?
"Barrett’s esophagus"
73
What is the increased risk associated with Barrett’s esophagus?
"Esophageal adenocarcinoma"
74
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Barrett’s esophagus?
"Endoscopy with biopsy"
75
What is the first-line treatment for Barrett’s esophagus?
"Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)"
76
Which esophageal cancer is more common in smokers and alcoholics?
"Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"
77
Which esophageal cancer is more common in patients with GERD and obesity?
"Esophageal adenocarcinoma"
78
What is the most common presenting symptom of esophageal cancer?
"Progressive dysphagia"
79
What is the best initial test for diagnosing esophageal cancer?
"Barium swallow followed by endoscopy with biopsy"
80
What is the characteristic finding on barium swallow for esophageal cancer?
"Irregular narrowing with ulceration"
81
Which esophageal disorder is characterized by a Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Protrusion of pharyngeal mucosa through Killian’s triangle"
82
What is the primary symptom of Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Regurgitation of undigested food and halitosis"
83
What is the treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Cricopharyngeal myotomy"
84
Which syndrome is associated with esophageal webs
iron deficiency anemia
85
What is the treatment for Plummer-Vinson syndrome?
"Iron supplementation"
86
Which esophageal disorder is associated with CREST syndrome?
"Esophageal dysmotility due to systemic sclerosis"
87
What is the primary mechanism of GERD?
"Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incompetence"
88
What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing GERD?
"24-hour esophageal pH monitoring"
89
What is the first-line medical treatment for GERD?
"Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)"
90
What lifestyle modifications can help manage GERD?
"Weight loss
91
Which condition presents with a full-thickness rupture of the esophagus?
"Boerhaave syndrome"
92
What is the most common cause of Boerhaave syndrome?
"Forceful vomiting"
93
What is the characteristic finding on chest X-ray for Boerhaave syndrome?
"Mediastinal air (pneumomediastinum)"
94
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Boerhaave syndrome?
"Esophagography with contrast"
95
Which condition presents with longitudinal mucosal tears at the gastroesophageal junction due to retching?
"Mallory-Weiss syndrome"
96
What is the most common cause of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
"Forceful vomiting
97
What is the treatment for Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
"Supportive care
98
What is the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Chronic immune-mediated esophageal inflammation"
99
What is the characteristic endoscopic finding in eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Esophageal rings and linear furrows"
100
What is the treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Dietary modification
101
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus?
"Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)"
102
What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula?
"Proximal esophageal atresia with distal TEF"
103
What is the main symptom of esophageal atresia in neonates?
"Drooling
104
Which diagnostic test confirms esophageal atresia?
"Failure to pass a nasogastric tube on X-ray"
105
What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)"
106
Which infectious agent is most commonly associated with esophagitis in immunocompromised patients?
"Candida albicans"
107
What is the characteristic endoscopic finding in Candida esophagitis?
"White pseudomembranous plaques"
108
What is the treatment for Candida esophagitis?
"Oral fluconazole"
109
What are the characteristic endoscopic findings in CMV esophagitis?
"Large linear ulcers"
110
What is the treatment for CMV esophagitis?
"Ganciclovir"
111
What are the characteristic endoscopic findings in HSV esophagitis?
"Small
112
What is the treatment for HSV esophagitis?
"Acyclovir"
113
What is the most common cause of pill-induced esophagitis?
"NSAIDs
114
Which condition is characterized by progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids?
"Achalasia"
115
What is the pathophysiology of achalasia?
"Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax due to loss of myenteric plexus"
116
What is the characteristic finding on esophageal manometry in achalasia?
"Increased LES pressure and absence of peristalsis"
117
What is the characteristic barium swallow finding in achalasia?
"Bird’s beak appearance"
118
What is the primary treatment for achalasia?
"Pneumatic dilation or Heller myotomy"
119
Which esophageal motility disorder is associated with chest pain and dysphagia?
"Diffuse esophageal spasm"
120
What is the barium swallow finding in diffuse esophageal spasm?
"Corkscrew esophagus"
121
What is the primary treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm?
"Calcium channel blockers or nitrates"
122
Which condition is associated with chronic GERD and metaplastic columnar epithelium replacing squamous epithelium?
"Barrett’s esophagus"
123
What is the increased risk associated with Barrett’s esophagus?
"Esophageal adenocarcinoma"
124
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Barrett’s esophagus?
"Endoscopy with biopsy"
125
What is the first-line treatment for Barrett’s esophagus?
"Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)"
126
Which esophageal cancer is more common in smokers and alcoholics?
"Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"
127
Which esophageal cancer is more common in patients with GERD and obesity?
"Esophageal adenocarcinoma"
128
What is the most common presenting symptom of esophageal cancer?
"Progressive dysphagia"
129
What is the best initial test for diagnosing esophageal cancer?
"Barium swallow followed by endoscopy with biopsy"
130
What is the characteristic finding on barium swallow for esophageal cancer?
"Irregular narrowing with ulceration"
131
Which esophageal disorder is characterized by a Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Protrusion of pharyngeal mucosa through Killian’s triangle"
132
What is the primary symptom of Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Regurgitation of undigested food and halitosis"
133
What is the treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum?
"Cricopharyngeal myotomy"
134
Which syndrome is associated with esophageal webs
iron deficiency anemia
135
What is the treatment for Plummer-Vinson syndrome?
"Iron supplementation"
136
Which esophageal disorder is associated with CREST syndrome?
"Esophageal dysmotility due to systemic sclerosis"
137
What is the primary mechanism of GERD?
"Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incompetence"
138
What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing GERD?
"24-hour esophageal pH monitoring"
139
What is the first-line medical treatment for GERD?
"Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)"
140
What lifestyle modifications can help manage GERD?
"Weight loss
141
Which condition presents with a full-thickness rupture of the esophagus?
"Boerhaave syndrome"
142
What is the most common cause of Boerhaave syndrome?
"Forceful vomiting"
143
What is the characteristic finding on chest X-ray for Boerhaave syndrome?
"Mediastinal air (pneumomediastinum)"
144
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Boerhaave syndrome?
"Esophagography with contrast"
145
Which condition presents with longitudinal mucosal tears at the gastroesophageal junction due to retching?
"Mallory-Weiss syndrome"
146
What is the most common cause of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
"Forceful vomiting
147
What is the treatment for Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
"Supportive care
148
What is the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Chronic immune-mediated esophageal inflammation"
149
What is the characteristic endoscopic finding in eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Esophageal rings and linear furrows"
150
What is the treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis?
"Dietary modification
