Esophagus

Question 1

Plummer Vinson Syndrome

Answer 1

Combination of proximal esophageal webs and iron deficiency anemia

Question 2

Most common type of hiatal hernia

Answer 2

Type I or sliding hernia

Question 3

This type of hiatal hernia is a combined sliding and paracetamol esoohageal hernia

Answer 3

Type III

Question 4

Gastroesophageal junction remains fixed at the hiatus

Answer 4

Type II

Question 5

Most common viscera to herniate into the mediastinum in Type IV hernias

Answer 5

Colon

Question 6

What is a B ring?

Answer 6

Lower esoohageal sub mucosal ring

Question 7

Lumen diameter of B ring before episodic solid dysphagia occurs

Answer 7

13 mm

Question 8

True diverticula caused by traction from adjacent inflammation (classically TB)

Answer 8

Mid esophageal diverticula

Question 9

How is achalasia diagnosed?

Answer 9

Barium swallow xray and esoohageal menometry

Endoscopy– to exclude achalasia

Question 10

Most sensitive test for achalasia

It identifies early disease before soohageal dilatation and food retention

Answer 10

Manometry

Question 11

Rare disease caused by loss of ganglion cells within the esoohageal my enteric plexus

Answer 11

Achalasia

Question 12

What is the diagnostic criteria for achalasia with esoohageal manometry

Answer 12

1) impaired LES relaxation

2) absent peristalsis

Question 13

Likely explanation for the association between achalasia and ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER

Answer 13

Stasis esophagitis

Question 14

Pharmacologic therapy of achalasia given before eating

Answer 14

Nitrates
CCBs

May also use sildenafil

Question 15

Improves dysphagia in 66% of cases

Injected into LES under endoscopic guidance, inhibits acetylcholine release

Answer 15

Botulinum toxin

Question 16

Major complication of pneumatic dilatation in the treatment of achalasia

Answer 16

Perforation

Question 17

Episodes of dysphagia and chest pain attributable to abnormal esoohageal contractions with normal deglutitive LES relaxation

Answer 17

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Question 18

Only controlled trial showing efficacy medicine for DES

Answer 18

Anxiolytics

Question 19

Corkscrew esophagus

Rosary beading

Answer 19

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Question 20

Extraordinarily vigorous and repetitive contractions with normal peristaltic onset and normal latency of the contraction

Answer 20

Jackhammer esophagus

Question 21

Gold standard treatment in high grade dysplasia

Answer 21

Esophageal only

Question 22

The MC esoohageal symptoms

Answer 22

Heartburn:pyrosis

Question 23

Pain exacerbated by swallowing

Answer 23

Odynophagia

Question 24

Perception of lump or fullness in throat that is felt irrespective of swallowing

Answer 24

Globus sensation

Question 25

Excessive salivation resulting from a bagal reflex triggered by acidification of esoohageal mucosa

Answer 25

Water brash

Question 26

Rare entity due to dilatation of excretory ducts of sub mucosal glands

Answer 26

Diffuse intramural esophageal diverticula

Question 27

MC congenital esoohageal anomaly

Answer 27

Esoohageal atresia

Question 28

Congenital abn where the esophagus is compressed by an aberrant right subclavian artery

Answer 28

Dysphagia lusoria

Question 29

Criteria esophageal manometry dx achalasia

Answer 29

Impaired LES relaxation absent peristalsis

Question 30

Rate of development of CA from | Barrett's

Answer 30

0.1-0.3 % per year

Question 31

Spontaneous rupture at GE junction

Answer 31

Boerhaave syndrome

Question 32

Radiation exposure with increased risk of esophageal strictures

Answer 32

5000 Gcy

Question 33

MC location pill esophagitis

Answer 33

Mid esophagus near crossing of aorta or carina

Question 34

Complications of herd

Answer 34

Barrett's metaplasia | PPI therapy side effects: compromised Vitamin B12and iron absorption

Question 35

Regluxogenic food that one should avoid in GeRD

Answer 35

``` Fatty food Alcohol Spearmint Peppermint Tomato based foods ```

Question 36

Treatment for Candida esophagitis

Answer 36

Fluconazole 200 14 days

Question 37

Serpiginous ulcers in an otherwise normal mucosa occurring at the distal esophagus

Answer 37

CMV esophagitis Rx ganciclovir Valgancyclovir God aren't

Question 38

Diverticula caused by Traction from adjacent inflammation (TB)

Answer 38

Midesophageal diverticula | Which is a TRUE DIVERTICULA

Question 39

Diverticula associated with achalasia or distal esophageal stricture

Answer 39

Epiphrenic diverticula

Question 40

Diverticula associated with esophageal motor disorders

Answer 40

Midesophageal

Question 41

Diverticula associated with esophageal candidiasis and proximal esophageal structures

Answer 41

Diffuse intramural esophageal diverticulosis | Submucosal glands affected

Question 42

Efficacy of botulinum toxin for achalasia

Answer 42

66% effective and good for 6 mos

Question 43

What type of esophagitis 1) proximal esophagus ulcers punctuate and diffuse 2) ulcers solitary and distal 3) multiple rings linear furrows with white punctuate exudate 4) singular deep points of luminal narrowing near the carina, with distal sparing

Answer 43

1) infectious 2) peptic 3) eosinophilia 4) pill