Esophagus & Stomach Histology

Question 1

All of the following basic mucosal Types are simple columnar epithelium, except which of the following that’s found in oral cavity, pharayn, and anal canal? Bonus: What cell type is found there?

A. Protective

B. Secretory

C. Absorbative

D. Absorbative-Protective

Answer 1

Protective

Non-keratinized stratified Squamous

Question 2

GI tract in general has 4 layers. From lumen to superficial what are those layers? Bonus: Indicate what layer changes the most from region to region

Answer 2

1. Mucosa: changes the most from region to region
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis Externa
4. Serosa/Adventitia

Question 3

Which of the following is most representative of the type of mucosal epithelium you would find in the Large Intestine (Absorbative/Protective)

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What structure is depicted here?

Does it have serosa or adventitia?

Answer 4

Esophagus

Both serosa and adventitia (mostly adventitia)

Question 5

Esophageal Varices can form in what vascular layer that’s home to much collagin and elastin?

A. Mucosa

B. Submucosa

C. Muscularis Externa

D. Serosa/Adventitia

Answer 5

Submucosa

Question 6

What type of epithelial covering characterizes the esophagus mucosa?

A. Simple columnar epithelium

B. Simple cuboidal epithelium

C. Non keratinized Stratified squamous

D. Keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 6

Non keratinized Stratified squamous

Question 7

What portion of the esophagus are we likely seeing here?

A. Upper third

B. Middle third

C. Lower third

Answer 7

A. Upper third- skeletal muscle

B. Middle third- skeletal and smooth muscle

C. Lower third- smooth muscle

Question 8

Describe what’s happened in this histograph within the esophagus

Answer 8

GERD has led to Barret’s Esophagus

The chronic inflammation caused by gastric juices has transformed the non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to become columnar mucus-secreting/glandular

Question 9

Which of the following has been depicted below?

A. Upper third of esophagus

B. Middle third of esophagus

C. Lower third of esophagus

D. Gastroesophageal Junction

Answer 9

Gastroesophageal Junction

Question 10

What are the three layers found in mucosa layer from lumen to most superficial?

Answer 10

Lining epithelium

Lamina propria: loose CT with immuno stuff

Muscularis mucosa

Question 11

What is the submucosa layer comprised of?

A. Dense regular CT with lympahtics and neurovasculature

B. Loose CT

C. Dense irregular CT with lymphatics and neurovasculature

D. 2 smooth muscle layers

Answer 11

C. Dense irregular CT with lymphatics and neurovasculature

Question 12

Glands can often be found in the submucosal layer of what 2 structures?

Answer 12

Esophagus and Duodenum

Question 13

What is the name of the neurovascular plexus that resides between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of the Muscularis externa layer?

Answer 13

Myenteric Plexus

Question 14

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?

Answer 14

Serosa is adventitia that’s covered by mesothelium

Question 15

Which of the following basic mucosal types are you most likely to find arranged as simple columnar epithelium with villi, crypts, and some glands?

A. Protective

B. Secretory

C. Absorbative

D. Absorbative-Protective

Answer 15

Absorbative

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the Submucosal plexus of Meissner and Myenteric plexus of Auerbach?

A. Both are found in submucosal layer

B. Both are found in the muscularis externa

C. Both are responsive to local stimuli and ANS input

D. Both function to mainly control the activities of mucosal and submucosal glands

Answer 16

C. Both are responsive to local stimuli and ANS input

Question 17

What major structure is being depicted below?

Answer 17

Myenteric Plexus of Auerbach

Question 18

Where is the muscularis mucosa found along the esophagus? Bonus: Why is it only found in this portion?

A. Upper/ superior portion

B. Upper and medial portion

C. Medial and lower portion

D. Lower/Inferior portion of the esophagus

Answer 18

D. Lower/Inferior portion of the esophagus

• this is due to the presence of Cardiac glands in the lower portion of the esophagus, and the muscularis mucosa works to control motilitu of mucosa and mucosal glands

Question 19

T/F: The Thoracic Esophagus has serosa, while the portion inferior to the diaphragm has adventitia

Answer 19

FALSE FALSE FALSE

Thoracic esophagus has adventitia

Esophagus below diaphragm has serosa

Question 20

What tissue is pictured in the histograph below?

Answer 20

Esophagus

Question 21

What glands are found in the lamina propria of the terminal esophagus, and become active when [ushing food down, in order to protect tissue from gasric regurgitation?

Answer 21

Cardiac Esophageal Glands

Question 22

What portion of the GI tract is depicted in all of these photos?

Answer 22

Gastroesophageal Junction

Question 23

The Stomach can be broken up into 4 anatomical regions. What are those regions?

The Stomach can also be broken up into 2 regions based on their motility characteristics. What are those regions?

Answer 23

Anatomical: Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pyloric Antrum

Motility: Orad area and Caudad Area

Question 24

T/F: Gastric Mucosal folds called rugae, are covered by gastric pits

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What three glands can be found in the lamina propria of the stomach?

Answer 25

Cardiac Glands Gastric Glands Pyloric Glands

Question 26

The stomach muscularis externa is different from the esophagus, as it has three layers. What are those layers going from most luminal to superficial? A. Oblique \> Circular \> Longitudinal B. Circular \> Longitudinal \> Oblique C. Circular \> Oblique \> Longitudinal D. Longitudinal \> Circular \> Oblique

Answer 26

Oblique \> Circular \> Longitudinal

Question 27

The Mucosa layer of the stomach has lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa layer found throughout. The fibers of the mucosa layer are predominantly what? A. Collagen and elastin B. Hyaline and elastin C. Reticular and Collagen D. All of the above

Answer 27

Reticular and Collagen NOTE: collagen and elastin are the main components **submucosa layer** of the stomach as well as the esophagus

Question 28

In the pyloric region of the stomach, which of the following layers of the muscularis externa thickens to form the pyloric sphincter? A. Oblique B. Longitudinal C. Circular D. Skeletal

Answer 28

Oblique

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the Fundic (Gastric) Glands of the stomach? A. Complex, branched, and tubular glands that are present throughout gastric mucosa B. Simple, branched, tubular glands that are present throughout the gastric mucosa C. Extend from the bottom of gastric pits and go into the muscularis mucosa lyer D. All except A E. All except B

Answer 29

*D. All except A* B. Simple, branched, tubular glands that are present throughout the gastric mucosa C. Extend from the bottom of gastric pits and go into the muscularis mucosa lyer

Question 30

Which of the following region/locations contains stem cells A. Gastric pit B. Isthmus/neck C. Galstric glands

Answer 30

Isthmus/neck

Question 31

Which of the following cells is found single or in clusters, with a round nucleus and apically located secretory granules? A. Chief cells B. Mucous neck cells C. Parietal cells D. Surface mucous cells

Answer 31

Mucous neck cells

Question 32

Which of the depicted cells are found in the inferior region of the gastric glands, and are responsible for producing pepsinogen and gastric lipase ?

Answer 32

**A. Chief Cells** *NOTE: C depicts parietal cells*

Question 33

Identify the cells marked A and B, then indicate the products they secrete

Answer 33

A- Mucus neck cell: alkaline mucus/water secretion B- Parietal cell: HCl and Intrinsic factor

Question 34

What is the primary location of parietal cells of the stomach? *Bonus: What cells are found in the other locations that were described?* A. Lining the lumen and gastric pits B. Near neck and upper segment of gastric glands C. Inferior region of gastric glands D. In the neck in singles or clusters

Answer 34

A. Lining the lumen and gastric pits *Surface Mucous Cells* **B. Near neck and upper segment of gastric glands** C. Inferior region of gastric glands *Chief cells* D. In the neck in singles or clusters *Mucus neck cells*

Question 35

T/F: When parietal cells are activated, they form caniculi which are deep invaginations within the apical membrane

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Which of the following best describes parietal cells? A. Single round nuclei and apical secretory granules B. Abundant RER and apical secretory granules (zymogens) C. Large, round pyramidal shaped cells with 1-2 central round nuclei, and a lot of mitochondria D. None of the above

Answer 36

Large, round pyramidal shaped cells with 1-2 central round nuclei, and a lot of mitochondria

Question 37

Look at these enteroendocrine cells and all of the things they are able to secrete

Answer 37

Cool

Question 38

What cells or glands are indicated by the letter A?

Answer 38

Cardiac Glands - These glands are tubular, coiled, and have some branching - There openings are continuous with gastric pits

Question 39

What is the hallmark appearance of Cardiac glands in oblique cuts histologically? A. Square B. Circular C. Triangular D. Octagonal

Answer 39

Circular NOTE: they are lined by mucus secreting cells as well

Question 40

The indicated cells (A) sometimes contain GALT in the lamina propria, and occasionally house enteroendocrine cells and parietal cells. What glands are depicted below? These branched, coiled, tubular glands are found between what 2 anatomical regions of the stomach?

Answer 40

Pyloric Glands Fundus & Pylorus