ESR

Question 1

Non-specific measurement to detect and monitor an inflammatory response to tissue injury in which there is a change in the plasma concentration of acute phase proteins

Answer 1

E.S.R.

Question 2

Allows blood to sit in a vertical position for a period of time (1 hour), and the distance (in mm) that the red calls fall is the?

Answer 2

ESR

Question 3

ESR is reported in?

Answer 3

mm/hour

Question 4

ESR is affected by what factors?(3)

Answer 4

red cells, plasma compositions, and mechanical/technical factors

Question 5

True or False: Red cells don`t repel each other because of their net negative charge.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

True or False: In disease states, plasma protein concentration changes, causing a reduction in the negative charge of the RBCs and consequent formation of rouleaux, This leads to a larger mass and an increased sedimentation velocity.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

True or false: The larger the particle, the faster its rate of fall

Answer 7

true

Question 8

RBCs with shape alterations (sickle cells and spherocytes) are unable to form rouleaux, therefore ESR is?

Answer 8

decreased

Question 9

Anisocytosis and poikilocytosis – reduced ability of RBCs to form large aggregates, therefore ESR is?

Answer 9

– ESR is decreased

Question 10

Severe anemia – Low numbers of RBCs, aggregation and rouleaux formation are increased, Therefore ESR is?

Answer 10

– ESR is increased

Question 11

Single most important factor determining the ESR

Answer 11

Plasma Factors

Question 12

are controlled primarily by levels of acute phase proteins (fibrinogen, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin), increasing as these three plasma protein levels are increased in the plasma

Answer 12

Rouleaux and aggregation

Question 13

True or false: A tilt of 3 degrees can cause errors up to 30%

Answer 13

True

Question 13

True or false: Large changes in temperature – Increased temp = Increased ESR

Answer 13

true

Question 14

true or false; The ESR represents a nonspecific response to tissue damage and inflammation and denotes the presence of disease, and its severity

Answer 14

false

Question 15

Elevated ESR is primarily caused by?

Answer 15

pregnancy (after 3rd month), acute and chronic infections, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, nephrosis, acute hepatitis, menstruation, tuberculosis, macroglobulinemia, cryoglobulinemia, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism

Question 16

Decreased ESR is primarily caused by?

Answer 16

Decreased ESR – polycythemia, congestive heart failure, hypofibrinogenemia, presence of red cell abnormalities (poikilocytosis, spherocytes, and sickle cells)

Question 17

Specimen used in Wintrobe & Landsberg method

Answer 17

Specimen: EDTA anticoagulated blood

Question 18

Specimen used in Westergren method in ESR

Answer 18

Specimen: Citrated blood (0.109M trisodium citrate)

Question 19

Reference Value for Westergren method
ESR

Answer 19

Westergren ESR
- Women: 0-15 mm/hr
-Men: 0-10 mm/hr
-Children: 0-10 mm/hr

Question 20

ESR Ref. value for Lansberg & wintrobe method

Answer 20

Wintrobe and Landsberg ESR
- Women: 0-20 mm/hr
- Men: 0-9 mm/hr

Question 21

Stages of ESR:

Answer 21

Initial rouleaux formation/lag phase (10 minutes)
Rapid settling of RBCs/Rapid packing of cells/decantation (40 minutes)
Final sedimentation of RBCs (10 minutes)

Question 22

In what stage of ESR where the sedimentation rate is slight

Answer 22

Initial rouleaux formation/lag phase (10 minutes)

Question 23

What stage of ESR where the sedimentation is more rapid and constant

Answer 23

Rapid settling of RBCs/Rapid packing of cells/decantation (40 minutes)

Question 24

In what stage of ESR is the sedimentation rate is slow because of the accumulation of RBCs at the bottom of the tube

Answer 24

Final sedimentation of RBCs (10 minutes)

Question 25

Standard/Original Westergren tube and bore size

Answer 25

- 300.5 mm long (± 0.5 mm), tube bore 2.65 mm (± 0.15 mm)

Question 26

Modified true or false: 1.)If concentration of EDTA is lower than recommended, the ESR will be falsely low. 2.)If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the results will be falsely low

Answer 26

Both false

Question 26

Wintrobe and Landsberg tube and bore size

Answer 26

- 115 mm long, tube bore 3 mm

Question 27

Modified true or false: 1.)If it is timed for less than 60 minute, ESR will be high 2.)Marked increase in temperature = Increased ESR

Answer 27

First statement is false 2nd is true

Question 28

Modified true or false: 1.)Marked decrease in temperature = Decreased ESR 2.)Tilting increases sedimentation rate

Answer 28

Both is True

Question 29

Modified true or false: 1.)Bubbles cause invalid results 2.)Fibrin clots doesn`t invalidate results

Answer 29

First is True 2nd is False