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HEMATOLOGY LAB > ESR > Flashcards

ESR Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

HOW THE ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE TEST WORKS?

A
  1. phlebotomist draws blood into tube
  2. test measures how fast red blood cells fall to bottom of tube in an hour
  3. inflammation causes red blood cells to stick together and sink faster
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2
Q

Non-specific measurement to detect and monitor an inflammatory response to tissue injury in which there is a change in the plasma concentration of acute phase proteins

A

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

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3
Q

ESR is a non specific test which depends on the changes of what?

A

plasma concentration of acute phase reactants

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4
Q

how long do we need to stand the blood vertically?

A

1 hour

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5
Q

ESR values are reported as/in

A

mm/hr

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6
Q

ESR is affected by 3 factors, what are those

A

Red cells
plasma composition
mechanical/technical factors

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7
Q

Red cells repel each other because of their ___

A

net negative charge

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8
Q

In disease states, plasma protein concentration changes, causing a reduction in the negative charge of the RBCs and consequent formation of ___

A

rouleaux

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9
Q

true or false

The larger the particle, the faster its rate of fall

A

true

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10
Q

Macrocytes settle more rapidly than microcytes

true or false

A

macrocytes - it’s always the biggest and largest falls faster

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11
Q

ESR decrease or increase

sickle cells

A

decrease

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12
Q

ESR decrease or increase

spherocytes

A

decrease

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13
Q

can sickle cells and spherocytes form rouleaux?

A

nope, they can’t. Esr decrease

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14
Q

ESR decrease or increase

anisocytosis

A

decrease

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15
Q

ESR decrease or increase

poikilocytosis

A

decrease

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16
Q

two conditions in which the rbc’s capability to form larger aggregates is reduced?

A

anisocytosis and poikilocytosis

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17
Q

ESR decrease or increase

sever anemia

A

increase

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18
Q

why do anemia has an elevated ESR?

A

it didn’t take long for all the rbc to settle as they have more space and they are only few.

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19
Q

Single most important factor determining the ESR

A

plasma factors

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20
Q

Rouleaux and aggregation are controlled primarily by levels of a___

A

acute phase proteins

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21
Q

Rouleaux and aggregation are controlled primarily by levels of acute phase proteins

what are those acute phase proteins?

A

fibrinogen, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin

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22
Q

examples of mechanical or technical factors?

A

angle/tilt
rack holding the tubes
temperature

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23
Q

A tilt of 3 degrees can cause errors up to how many percent?

A

30%

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24
Q

The rack holding the tubes should not be subject to any movement of ___

A

vibrations

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25
Large changes in temperature – Increased temp = Increased ESR true or false
true
26
The ESR represents a NONSPECIFIC response to tissue damage and inflammation and denotes the presence of disease, but NOT ITS SEVERITY true or false
true
27
ESR decrease or increase pregnancy after 3rd month
increase
28
ESR decrease or increase acute or chronic infection
increase
29
ESR decrease or increase polycythemi veraa
decrease
30
ESR decrease or increase rheumatic fever
increase
31
ESR decrease or increase rheumatoid arthritis
increase
32
ESR decrease or increase congestive heart failure
decrease
33
ESR decrease or increase myocardial infarction
increase
34
ESR decrease or increase nephrosis
increase
35
ESR decrease or increase hypofibrinogenemia
decrease
36
ESR decrease or increase menstruation
increase
37
ESR decrease or increase tuberculosis
increase
38
ESR decrease or increase macroglubinemia
increase
39
ESR decrease or increase presence of red cell abnormalities
decrease
40
ESR decrease or increase cryoglobunemia
increase
41
ESR decrease or increase hypothyroidisim
increase
42
ESR decrease or increase hyperthyroidism
increase
43
2 methods we can use for est
wintrobe and landsberg methos westergren method
44
specimen used for wintrobe and landsberg method
EDTA anticoagulated blood
45
procedure for wintrobe and landsberg method
Procedure: 1. Mix the blood 2. With a long stem pipette, fill the wintrobe tube up to 0 mark (no air bubbles) 3. Place the tube in a vertical position on the rack for 60 minutes 4. Record the level of sedimented ESR from the scale on the left side (red) of the tube. Read downward
46
do we read the tube for the result upward or downward?
downward
47
In wintrobe and lansberg method, we fill the tube up to what mark?
0 mark
48
specimen used for westergren method
Specimen: Citrated blood (0.109M trisodium citrate)
49
which top is an ideal top for westergren method?
the black top with 9% citrate
50
procedure for westergren method
Procedure: Mix the blood Place the Westergren tube into the blood sample, making sure that the blood reaches the 0 mark on the tube Place in a rack for 60 minutes Read the graduations downward
51
reference values for wintrobe and landsberg esr
- Women: 0-20 mm/hr - Men: 0-9 mm/hr
52
reference values for westergren method
- Women: 0-15 mm/hr -Men: 0-10 mm/hr -Children: 0-10 mm/hr
53
what are the 3 stages of EST
- INITIAL ROULEAUX FORMATION/ LAG PHASE - RAPID SETTLING OF RBCs/RAPID PACKING OF CELLS/DECANTATION - FINAL SEDIMENTATTION OF RBC's
54
a stage of ESR in which the sedimentation is only slight and only taks 10 minutes
Initial rouleaux formation/lag phase (10 minutes
55
Initial rouleaux formation is also known as
lag phase
56
a stage of esr in which sedimentation is more rapid and constant
Rapid settling of RBCs/Rapid packing of cells/decantation (40 minutes)
57
how many minutes does the 2nd stage occurs
40 minutes
58
the stage of ESR in which sedimentation rate is slow because of the accumulation of RBCs at the bottom of the tube
Final sedimentation of RBCs
59
what are the sources of errors in conducting ESR test?
If concentration of EDTA is greater than recommended, the ESR will be falsely low If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the results will be falsely elevated If it is timed for less than 60 minute, ESR will be low Marked increase in temperature = Increased ESR Marked decrease in temperature = Decreased ESR Tilting increases sedimentation rate Bubbles cause invalid results Fibrin clots invalidate results
60
If concentration of EDTA is greater than recommended, the ESR will be __ explain why?
falsely low the anticoagulant will dilute the blood, making it harder for the blood to form rouleaux, also, it's a anticoagulant so it will literally prevent clotting which is a thing for making rouleaux
61
If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the results will be ___ explain why
falsely elevated more rbc will sediment at the bottom
62
Bubbles cause __ results
invalid
63
Fibrin clots ___results
invalidate

HEMATOLOGY LAB (6 decks)

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