ESS Flashcards
What are ESS
Benefits taken by humans from ecosystems
What are the four aspects of ESS
Provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting
What is PESS
incentivising landowners to maintain the ESS that their land gives. The payments go to the landowners
Who thinks that ESS is a good thing?
Costanza et al 2014
Even if you take Costanza;s view, why is PESS a problem?
It is not designed with poverty alleviation in mind
How would this essay go one step further than Costanza 2014?
it is not even environmentally worthy
What are the paragraphs?
What does it promise What is the discourse Inequality Problems for ecosystems Alternatives
What is the central promise of PESS?
Poor and indigenous people will get compensation for stuff that they are doing anyway for the environment.
What is the case study to support the promise?
Jayachandran et al 2016
What did Jayachandran et al argue through a randomised study?
The result was that while forest cover decreased by between 7 and 10 percent in the “control” villages, it only dropped between 2 to 5 percent in the designated “treatment” villages.
What kind of discourse does it rely on?
Same assumptions and discourses that make the rest of development so problematic
Who makes the argument that that if you understand the world as a markets system, as with PESS, then you are both perpetuating global inequality whilst failing to deliver on an environmental promise
McAfee
When was McAfee writing?
2012
When was Jayachandran et al writing?
2016
What does McAfee say about markets?
markets cannot be both efficient and equitable on a local level.
Who talks about an inherently exploitative system, relying on cheap nature elsewhere?
Magdoff and Foster 2010
• The whole system of people in the Global North paying for ESS in the global south is predicated on what?
There being inequalities between north and south
What must some people surrender for PESS?
a degree of control of their land, land that they may have been using sustainably for a long time
What is the worst bit about PESS?
Not only does it fail not the development front, because it is not designed with development in mind, but it also fails ecologically.
Who is the person that talks about the failures of attempts to integrate environment and poverty reduction schemes?
Tallis et al 2008
What do Tallis et al 2008 take issue with?
The implementation, rather than the concept, arguing for better monitoring.
What problem for ecosystems does Adams 2014 present?
if society treats something that was previously unmarketable as a marketable good, then it simply projects existing inequalities onto a new canvass
How does this allow for greenwashing?
reduced pressure without actually doing anything to halt unsustainable resource use.
Who is the person that, ironically with the name, suggests that there is no good way to chop up ecosystem and value them?
Wood 2014
