Essay Flashcards
(29 cards)
Isolationism (America)
America didn’t want to be involved in European wars and wanted to focus on their own problems.
There was tension between Americans and Germans as well as the British and the Irish. America’s solution was isolationism to prevent further such conflict.
Crime (America)
Al Capone was a powerful gangster during prohibition. He had Italian roots, as did many other criminals but he was American.
The case of Sacco and Vanzetti was about two Italian immigrants who were executed for a crime they may not have committed, with limited evidence and some evidence pointing elsewhere.
Red Scare (America)
The Bolsheviks had come to power in 1917, this sparked fears of Russian immigrants spreading communism to America. However not very many immigrants were communists, with lots of Americans being communists themselves.
The Palmer Raids, led by J. Edgar Hoover arrested lots of people for being suspected communists, many of them being immigrants, thus leading people to believe communism was the fault of immigrants. However, the Red scare calmed down not long after.
Knowledge
Knowledge about the topic, facts.
Analysis
Insight on knowledge, explain how it relates to the topic.
Analysis plus
An extended analysis with more details.
Counter analysis
Insight that goes against the analysis and tells you why it might be/is wrong/inaccurate.
Linking sentence
Link to question and mention specific topic of the paragraph.
Fears over jobs and housing (America)
Trade unions believed that any progress they made in improving wages or conditions were ruined by Italian or Polish immigrants who were happy to work longer for less pay.
Many cities were overcrowded and had lots of slum housing which lots of people blamed on immigration.
Racism (America)
Racism was growing in the 1920s. Many people saw immigrants as inferior. Many ‘old’ immigrants felt that they/their ancestors had made America a great country.
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was growing in numbers and influence during the 1920s, they were a racist organisation that believed in the supremacy of WASPs (White Anglo Saxon Protestants) and hated immigrants.
Surveys of Booth and Rowntree (Britain)
based on facts and evidence
Booth did his survey in London
Rowntree did his in York
Both found that poverty levels were around 30%
Rowntree developed the poverty line and secondary and primary poverty
National Security (Britain)
around a quarter of volunteer soldiers were unfit to fight in the Boer war
committees were set up to analyse this, they concluded that poor health was due to overcrowding and poor diet
New Liberalism (Britain)
‘Old’ Liberals had a laissez faire policy toward poverty, and believed in self help
‘New’ Liberals believed in state intervention and helping the poor
New Liberals, David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill had important roles in government while Henry Asquith was in power
Churchill left the conservatives to join the liberals after reading Rowntree’s report on poverty
Political Pragmatism (Britain)
most working class men had gotten the vote by 1890, and many of them were part of the poorer members of society
the Labour party was formed by 1900 and in the 1906 election, they called for action to be taken to help the poor.
The Liberals wanted votes so they tried to take a similar route
Municipal Socialism (Britain)
In towns and cities, things like Public health care, and better water systems were being developed, often by Liberals. This helped the poor
A successful example of this was when the mayor of Birmingham, Joe Chamberlain, made improvements to waterworks and gasworks, paid for by taxes. He also destroyed the worst slums and created better houses where they used to be.
Jim Crow Laws (USA 2)
laws that segregated black and white people
kept African Americans as second class citizens
in 1896 the supreme court made Jim Crows fully legal, ruling that they were legal as long as facilities were “separate but equal”
facilities were rarely equal
hard to overturn supreme court law
Racism and KKK (USA 2)
Ku Klux Klan is a racist and violent terrorist group
the KKK attacked anyone it deemed ‘un-American’ targeting black people, non protestants, and new immigrants
hard to improve lives with such a powerful organisation about
KKK had a large influence, including members or sympathisers in high up places such as law enforcement and judges
this made it difficult for black people to make any progress as the KKK was so widely accepted
Divisions within the civil rights movement (USA2)
three of the main leaders of civil rights movements at the time had different view on what should happen for African Americans
different movements meant that there wasn’t a united front, weakening the overall power of the civil rights movement
W.E.B. Du Bois (leader of NAACP) believed in instant and full equality for African Americans, challenged Jim Crow laws through court
Booker T. Washington believed that African Americans should educate and train themselves before reaching equality
Marcus Garvey believed that African Americans should return to their ancestral home of Africa. the different beliefs and conflicts of these leaders pulled the black community apart instead of pushing together for equality
Lack of Voting power (USA 2)
Black men had the right to vote as early as 1867, but few people actually did
without the vote, black people couldn’t vote in someone who would stop Jim Crow Laws and help stop racism
black people struggled to vote for various reasons, such as poll tax, literacy tests and unfair questions
this made voting more difficult and limited chances of improvement
Lack of Federal Support (USA 2)
the lack of federal support was demonstrated by President Woodrow Wilson, who, although criticised their methods, agreed with the KKKs goal, he believed that black people were inferior
this lead to other people having similar beliefs as, being the president, he had lots of influence and trust.
Many laws were changed or created to improve the lives of Americans, such as outlawing child labour, and giving women the vote
but African Americans received little improvement
Non violent protests (USA 3)
Had succes in ending discrimination and segregation in a range of public places
Peaceful protests had large success in the media, news channels showed images of protestors being attacked
Black leaders (USA 3)
Martin Luther King was a great leader and a very powerful speaker
Marholm X was also a prominent black leader, believing in more violent and aggressive methods
Black organisations (USA 3)
At the start of the Bus Boycott of 1955, Martin Luther King and other black religious leader formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Other groups also began to emerge, such as the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
Continuation of Jim Crow Laws (USA 3)
Jim Crow laws were still majorly in effect in the South after 1945, these laws segregated black and white Americans in many public places
Also, the case of Brown V Board of Education was a large case in court, fought by Mr Brown so that his daughter could attend a white school, he won the case and schools were officially desegregated
