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1
Q

Anti-semistm

  1. When did Rome conquer Jerusalem?
A

63BC. Anti-Judaism can be traced back to before the common era, with it prevalent in Roman and Christian society. The fragmentation between those who followed Judiams a monolithic religion and the Romans, who followed a polytheistic religion, resulted in violence and persecution of Jews who lived in Jerusalem following the Roman conquest in 63 BCE.

Anti-semitsim

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2
Q

Anti-semitsim

  1. When did Romans destroy Jerusalem
A

70BC. Romans destroyed the synagogue in Jerusalem in 70 CE destroying the Jewish centre of life, displaying their aggressive anti-semitism.

Anti-semitsim

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3
Q

Anti-semtisim

  1. When were Jews attacked again and where were they displaced from
A

130 CE and Irseal

Anti-semitsim

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4
Q

Anti-semtyism

  1. When was the black plague and how many died
A

1500s 75-200million died

Anti-semitsim

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5
Q

Anti-semyism

  1. Why/how were Jews scaped goated?
A

Jews were believed to have poisoned wells leading to the massive killing and exiling of Jews. One of the justifications behind the hatred was the belief that by allowing Jews to live in their Christian communities God was punishing them with the black plague.

Anti-semitsim

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6
Q

anti-semitism

  1. Jews were put into a race in and by who
A

1878 and Wilhelm Marr

Anti-semitsim

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7
Q

anti-semyism

  1. Quote about jews and by which orangsion
A

“Marr’s conception of anti-Semitism focused on the supposed racial, as opposed to religious, characteristics of the Jews” - By Jewish Virtual Library

Anti-semitsim

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8
Q

anti-sematism

  1. Significance of Anti-sematism
A

The holocaust occurrence was only able to happen due to the specific circumstances of the time, the dry timber of the event which provided the basis of it was the pre-existing anti-sematic. holds significance in the length of time in which it is prevalent with anti-semantic and anti-judaism tracking back to before the common era, till the current day, with it affecting millions of people over the course of the time period.

Anti-semitsim

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9
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Nazi policy significance
A

Nazi policies and their actions deeply affected Jewish lives at the time and are the reason for their significance, affecting Jews politically, socially, culturally and economically, encompassing all areas of Jewish life.

Nazi policy

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10
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Hitler’s appointment as chancellor
A

30th of January 1933

Nazi policy

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11
Q

Nazi policy

  1. When was Nazis able to control the whole country
A

July 1933

Nazi policy

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12
Q

Nazi policy

  1. First policy and when
A

boycotting of Jewish businesses on April the 1st 1933

Nazi policy

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13
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Details of first policy
A

Jews allegedly circulated damaging rumours about the Nazis in the foreign press, it was organised nationwide by local Nazi leaders. The boycott did not go as planned with many Germany’s choosing to still shop in Jewish-owned businesses. This demonstrates that the German public was not yet ready for the Nazis’ plans. This foreshadowed the Nazis’ intentions in regards to Jews and the beginning of the systemic targeting.

Nazi policy

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14
Q

Nazi policy

  1. national community
A

Volksgemeinschaft

Nazi policy

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15
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Volksgemeinschaft details
A

The Volksgemeinschaft encouraged the one-party state government system and Hitler’s leadership, Volksgemeinschaft also pushed a race-based ideology in which society should be based on race, struggle and leadership. This allowed the Nuremberg Laws to be accepted by the German public with reliability and ease on September 15, 1935.

Nazi policy

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16
Q

Nazi policy

  1. When was the Nuremberg laws
A

September 15, 1935.

Nazi policy

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17
Q

Anti-sematism

  1. Anti-sematism modern day
A

Marr dubbed jews as Semitic which were threatening ‘Aryan’ Germans who were viewed as the superior race following the rice of race science which was used to justify restrictions between different races. Antisemitism was coined by Marr and described the belief that Jews should not participate in German society, with Marr believing Jews were attacking Germans. In the aftermath of World War One antisemitism flooded society again specifically in Germany. Germans were under the belief that they were winning the war so when it was announced they would surrender the stab-in-the-back myth came about with it

Anti-semistism

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18
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Nuremberg Laws examples
A

The Numberburge laws consist of ‘The Reich Citizenship Law’ and ‘The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour’. These laws reduced Jewish rights with ‘The Reich Citizenship Law’ disallowing Jews to participate in government, as well as describing who is Jewish and who isn’t. ‘The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour’ banned relationships between Jews and non-Jews. The laws changed many Germans’ lives with some now classified as Jews even if they weren’t Jewish themselves and losing basic human rights.

Nazi policy

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19
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Night of Broken Glass spelt
A

Kristallnacht

Nazi policy

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20
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Kristallnacht explained
A

the organisation from the murder of Ernst vom Rath a German ambassador, who was murdered by Herschel Grynszpan a 17-year-old polish jew on November the 7th 1938 after receiving the news his family who were Polish Jews living in Germany were expelled. The Nazi propaganda said that this led to the German public spontaneously taking revenge on Jews. This was incorrect with it actually being organised, state-sanctioned violence carried out by SS, SA, Hitler Youth and other Nazi groups.

Nazi policy

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21
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Kristallnacht date
A

This was carried out from the 9th to the 10th of November in 1938

Nazi policy

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22
Q

Nazi policy

  1. Kristallnacht other data
A

Around 191 synagogues burned, 1500-3,000 died and 30,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps, Jews were also billed for the damage

Nazi policy

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23
Q

WW2

  1. Why wwii an significant cause
A

The Nazis and their actions during World War Two hold great significance due to the number of lives that were affected, in invading and conquering nine countries over the course of the war they controlled millions of Jews with all affected.

WW2

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24
Q

WW2

  1. Where the Jews who died in the holocaust were from
A

Around 95% of the six million Jews who were affected in the holocaust came from outside of Germany

WW2

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25
# WW2 27. When was Poland invaded
September the 1st 1939 | WW2
26
# WW2 28. How many jews in poland
3.3 million | WW2
27
# WW2 29. How many jews lived in warsaw
375000 Jews or 30% of the population | WW2
28
# WW2 30. killing squad
Einsatzgruppen | WW2
29
# WW2 31. Einsatzgruppen dates
June 1941 while invading the Soviet Union. The original structure of the Einsatzgruppen was to murder any Jewish men they came across but due to the issue of still having to provide for the Jewish women and children by September 1941 men, women and children were all being shot and buried in mass graves which many were forced to dig themselves. | WW2
30
# WW2 32. Gas started to be used
September 1941 | WW2
31
# WW2 33. mobil gas units started to use when
Chelmno on December 6th 1941 | WW2
32
# WW2 34. Mobil gas units other information
where Jews from surrounding areas were taken to manor houses where they handed over their possessions and stripped, they were then led out to vans which when filled with 50-70 Jews were shut and filled with carbon dioxide and died due to asphyxiation, where those who died were finally buried in mass graves. | WW2
33
# Event 35. When was the Wannsee conference
20th January 1942 | Event
34
# Event 36. Hosted by
General Reinhard Heydrich | Event
35
# Event 37. Who/what type of people attended
It was attended by well-read and smart men, eight had doctorates and multiple were loyal, all but two were under the age of 50. | Event
36
# Event 38. Goal/purpose of conference
The purpose of the meeting was to organise the logistics of the holocaust and coordinate the inter-agency cooperation needed to facilitate it. The goal of the meeting was to stop the continuation of the Jewish people and to exterminate the eleven million Jews who lived in Europe. | Event
37
# Event 39. Quote by Adolf Eichmann
chief of Jewish affairs stated "they minced no words about it at all.". | Event
38
# Holocaust 41. How many people died in the holocaust
6 million | Holocaust
39
# Holocaust 42. Why holocaust significant
The Holocaust holds significance due to the number of lives that were lost during it, over the four-year period 6 million European Jews died, and due to it, families were destroyed and lives forever altered. The Holocaust impacted millions of people not just those who died. | Holocaust
40
# Holocaust 43. When was the holocaust
1941 to 1945 | Holocaust
41
# Holocaust 44. Mobil killing units
einsatzgruppen | Holocaust
42
# Holocaust 45. When did einsatzgruppen start and who was first killed
June 1941, men, later women and kids added | Holocaust
43
# Holocaust 46. Where was einsatzgruppen first 'used'
invasion of soviet union | Holocaust
44
# Holocaust 47. How many died from eizengruppen
1.5 million | Holocaust
45
# Holocaust 48. First using gas information
November the 1st 1941 in Belzec in which Nazis practised using insect repellent on Soviet Prisoners of War, with the prisoners dying within 30 minutes after exposure | Holocaust
46
# Holocaust 49. Stationary gas vans information
December the 6th 1941 the implementation of stationary gas vans in Chelmno occurred, with Jewish people being herded in the vans with around from 50 to 70 in each, where they were then locked in and gassed with carbon monoxide. | Holocaust
47
# Holocaust 50. Operation Reinhard
Operation Reinhard was the code name for the three death camps Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka in which Nazis are estimated to have killed 1.5 million.The camps employed the use of carbon monoxide, these camps in particular were created to kill the 2 million Jews living in Poland. | Holocaust
48
# Holocaust 51. ther information like how many extermination camps by certain date
In late 1942, there were around 6 extermination camps within Nazi-occupied territory whose sole purpose was the killing of Jews. | Holocaust
49
# Holocaust 52. Auschwick how many died and what was used
use of zyklon b, they found it killed victims faster. At the height of the killing at Auschwick's around 6,000 were killed each day between 1943-1944, and an estimated 1.3 million were murdered there in total. | Holocaust
50
# Holocaust 53. Auschwick survior quote and by who
“Total complete misery” - Ellis Lewin | Holocaust
51
# Holocaust 55. When and why death marches, other info
After the invasion of the Allies in Nazi-occupied territory many camps were deconstructed by the Jews who lived in them, the Nazis then forced Jews to march during 1944-1945. Over the course of these marches mass groups of Jews would be shot prior to, during and after the marches. Jews also die due to starvation or illness during the marches. | Holocaust
52
# Holocaust 56. Holocaust other info
The majority of the Jews who died during the Holocaust would die outside of concentration camps instead most were either shot by SS officers or in extermination camps such as Treblinka. | Holocaust
53
# Resistance 57. Why resistance significant
The resistance that the Jewish people demonstrated was significant due to the importance of the Jewish actions at the time, by acting this allowed the Jews to keep some dignity and humanity, and choose how they die in some cases, with it also highly significant due to certain acts of resistances helping provide those who died with justice and a voice | Resistance
54
# Resistance 58. Resistance general information
lots of types of resistance such as escaping, hiding, helping to educate, creative activities, arming/physical and spirituality. These all demonstrated that despite the relentless struggle that Jewish people and communities had to face and against the dangers and restrictions which were placed upon them they still showed resistance. Resistances were seen all throughout Europe, in ghettos, forced labour camps, concentration camps and extermination camps. | Resistance
55
# Resistance 59. Oneg Shabbat Archives by who and when
Emuanal Rignelblum who was a historian in October 1939 as he felt it was necessary to document information relating to Jews due to the unprecedented events around them. | Resistance
56
# Resistance 60. O.S.A When was Warsaw gehtto sealed
After the sealing of the Warsaw Ghetto on the 5th of November 1939 the archives became an underground organisation. | Resistance
57
# Resistance 61. OSA what collected
The information they gathered first was reports and testimony using Aleynhilf (self-help organisations), then later they collected literature, miscellaneous items such as candy wrappers, information regarding the resistances, photographs, Judenrat policies, drawings, the daily life of the ghetto such as data on the forced labour and more. | Resistance
58
# Resistance 62. OSA great liquidation
Following the Great Deportation of the liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka on July the 22nd,1942 they documented the cries of those being to be taken away, Naziposters about it and information that the rebels within the Warsaw Ghetto were spreading after it was announced. | Resistance
59
# Resistance 63. When was OSA found and what used
The archives were contained within 10 tin boxes (buried August 3, 1942, which was found on September 18, 1946), two large milk cans (buried February 1943 which was found on December 1, 1950) and a cylindrical metal box (buried April 18, 1943, which was never recovered). | Resistance
60
# Resistance 64. Quote from OSA
“Let the world read and know” | Resistance
61
# Resistance 65. Where was the Bielski Partisan group
Bielski Partisan group which resided in Belarus | Resistance
62
# Resistance 66. Why did Bielski group happen
Following the German invasion where 5,000 Jews were massacred on December 8 1941, the Beilski brothers who ran the partisan hideout in a nearby forest. | Resistance
63
# Resistance 67. Group numbers of Bielski and date
As more and more Jews were murdered the group expanded and had more than 100 members by 1942, | Resistance
64
# Resistance 68. Quote partisan group
Tuvia Beilski the leader stating “‘rather save one old Jewish woman than kill 10 German soldiers”. | Resistance
65
# Resistance 69. Group/partisan stats and general info
The group accepted a diverse range of people from varying education, class level, political views and age, with only 20% of the group fighters and the rest women, children and elderly. The group organised guerilla attacks on Nazis and murdered top nazi officials and collaborators. | Resistance
66
# Resistance 71. Partisan group final numbers and dates
Following liberation by the Red Army in July 1944 the group had amassed over 1,200 members, the largest partisan group within German-occupied Europe. | Resistance
67
# Justice 72. Why is justice significance
Their endeavours for justice just hold significance givens the extent of the impact of the trial on society. This can be seen with a precedent set for when genocides and war crimes were committed afterwards trials were held such as Russian soldiers being tried for their actions in Ukraine. | Justice
68
# Justice 73. When was the trials
The Nuremberg trials were held in Nuremberg from the 20th of November, 1945 to the 1st of October 1946. | Justice
69
# Justice 74. Who created the trial/IMT
The United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union created the International Military Tribunal | Justice
70
# Justice 75. How many Nazis were indicted for first set
24 top Nazi officials | Justice
71
# Justice 76. What were the four crimes
Waging Aggressive War, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity and Conspiracy | Justice
72
# Justice 77. Example of two Nazi tried
Nazis such as Hermann Göring (Hitler’s former deputy) were tried for all four crimes and convicted of all and sentenced to death. Göring did commit suicide on the eve of his execution. Rudolf Höss the commandant of Auschtiwz was also tried later in March 1947 with him convicted and sentenced to death. | Justice
73
# Justice 79. End of trial stastics
At the end of the trials (including subsequent trials of lower-ranking people who assisted the Nazis and other Nazis who were not in the original indictments), 199 people were tried, 161 were convicted and 37 people were sentenced to death. | Justice
74
# Justice 80. Info about trials
The Nazis were provided lawyers in order to ensure that one could not claim that the trials were not fair, the prosecutors came from each of the four countries that set up the International Military Tribunal. | Justice
75
# Justice 81. Why trials important
The trials hold vast importance as they allow victims to seek some sort of justice. The trials were also important as they showed the world and Germans what occurred during the holocaust with factual evidence. This prompted many to snap out of their delusions that the Nazis were wrong in their actions and did commit the accused crimes, it also set a precedent that those who commit crimes such as the Nazis will be held accountable as an attempt to stop future genocides. | Justice
76
# Justice 82. Other genocides dates
Other genocides committed following 1945 have also been tried at the Internal Military Court such as the Rwanda Geocndie in 1994. | Justice
77
# Intro 83. Intro quote
Future generations will damn you in your grave for what you have done.” Erich LUDENDORFF | Intro
78
# Conclusion 84. Conclusion quote
“For the dead and the living, we must bear witness”. Elie Wiesel | Conclusion
79
Who created the fire analogy
Historian Doris Bergern
80
Intro quote p2:
“As these fifteen men gathered at Wannsee, four of five Jews who were to be murdered in the Holocaust were still alive; fifteen months later in the spring of 1943, four out of five were already dead.” Here scholar Michael Berenbaum

History (NCEA L2/3) (3 decks)

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