Essay Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the hypothalamus role in eating
Helps control hunger by regulating food intake and energy homeostasis
What happens when food is ingested
Taste buds detect flavours and olfactory receptors in nose pick up smells.
The vagus nerve
Signals digestive organs to prepare for food intake and stimulate the release of digestive enzymes
Chewing
Mastichation
Mechanical
Saliva
Contains amylase
Chemical breakdown
Swallowing
Relfex controlled by the swallowing centre in brainstem. This region also regulates involuntary functions of the digestive system such as gastric acid secretion, peristalsis and rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines
What happens once the food reached the stomach
Gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid and pepinogen to start protein digestion and the stomach churns the food into chime for further digestion in the small intestine
What happens in the small intestine
Food Mixes with bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. The bile emulsifies the fat and the enzymes break down the carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The nutrients are absorbed into the blood.
Intestinal villi also work to increase surface area for nutrient absorption allowing nutrients such as sugars and amino acids to pass into the blood
What hormones can effect eating
Lepin= reduces appetite
Ghrelin= stimulates hunger
These hormones interact with the hypothalamus to regulate food intake
What happens to absorbed nutrients in the liver
Liver converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage, synthesises proteins and detoxifies harmful substances, maintaining a metabolic balance
Undigested food
Moves to large intestine where water is reabsorbed and the remains turn into shit.
The nervous system controls elimination through defacation reflexes
How does the autonomic system affect digestion
The sympathetic nervous system reduces digestion during stress, while the parasympathetic system promotes nutrient absorption and digestive function
What role does the cerebral cortex play
Processes sensory information from the nose and mouth and stomach which influences conscious food choices and behaviours
Gut brain axis
This is the connection between the gut and brain and it uses hormones and nerves to influence hunger digestion and emotions.
Mention after hypothalamus and then talk about leptin
What is the role of the enteric nervous system
Controls digestive system and helps move food through the gut and releases digestive enzymes. It works with the brain through the vagus nerve
