Essay Reminders

Question 1

Define Working memory

Answer 1

a limited capacity system
temporary storage
manipulation of information for complex tasks

comprehension
learning
reasoning

Question 2

Baddeley’s working memory model

Answer 2

Phonological loop
Central Executive
Visuospatial sketch pad

Question 3

Phonological loop

Answer 3

Baddeley’s WMM

Phonological store
Limited Capacity
A few seconds retention

Articulary rehearsal process
stops audio and verbal information decay

Question 4

Visuospatial sketch pad

Answer 4

visual imagery

forms mental images

Question 5

Central Executive

Answer 5

Controls divided atention

Question 6

Inattentional blindness

Answer 6

Gorilla Video
clearly visible stimuli is missed when attention is divided
Mack & Rock 1998

Question 7

Cell phone experiment

Answer 7

strayer & johnson
twice as long to brake
twice as many red lights missed

Question 8

Schneider & Shiffrin

Answer 8

divided attention is possible when well practiced (automatic) but at the cost of cognitive resources

Question 9

Change Detection

Answer 9

most errors are only identified when they are pointed out

Question 10

Misinformation ffect

Answer 10

misleading information presented to a witness of an event changes how the recall it later

Loftus 1974 car crash tape
“did you see the car CRASH?”

Question 11

Perception

Answer 11

Wells & Bradfield 1998
Gun man footage
pick a gunman from line up
gunman wasn’t present

Question 12

Retroactive interference

Answer 12

information after the event from sources including media amends the memory

Question 13

Familiarity

Answer 13

people are more likely to identify familiar faces or items

Question 14

Suggestion

Answer 14

“did you see a white car”

Question 15

schemas

Answer 15

a persons knowledge of an environment

Question 16

script

Answer 16

what we expect to see or to occur

Question 17

Availability Heuristics

Answer 17

events that are easy to remember are considered to be more probable or likely e.g. people think botulism kills more people than asthma

Question 18

Inductive reasoning

Answer 18

observations and or conclusions from evidence

Question 19

Representative heuristics

Answer 19

how often we expect an event to occur

kahneman & tversky
Books + Quite + Classes = farmer or librarian?

Question 20

representative sample

Answer 20

we often assume a sample is representative when it isn’t

Question 21

K.C. car accident

Answer 21

damage to hippocampus
loss of episodic memory
Rosenbaum 2005

Question 22

Episodic memory

Answer 22

mental time travel

Tulving 1985

Question 23

Errors in Episodic

Answer 23

False memories
flashbulbs
misinformation
Heuristics

Question 24

Semantic memory errors

Answer 24

decay with age

some ideas are more closely associated than others

Question 25

Semantic memory

Answer 25

Meyer's Lexical Decision model Processing time & Speed of activation Similar items are recognised faster spreadign activation

Question 26

Collins & Quillian

Answer 26

Canary vs ostrich Heirarchial model primed for bird when you hear canary