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MRCS B > Essential Facts > Flashcards

Essential Facts Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

SIRS Criteria

A
  • Temp >38 or <36
  • P >90
  • RR > 20
  • WCC >12 or <4
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2
Q

GLASGOW Score

A
  • PO2 < 8
  • Age > 55
  • Neut > 15
  • Ca < 2
  • Ur > 16
  • LDH > 600
  • Alb < 32
  • Glu > 10
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3
Q

Characteristics of ARDS

A
  • Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates
  • Normal PAWP
  • PO2:FiO2 < 200
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4
Q

Henderson Hasselbach Equation

A

CO2 + H2O <-> HCO3- + H+

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5
Q

Anion Gap

A

(Na + K) - (HCO3- + Cl)

(Normal Range 12 +/- 2)

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6
Q

Normal Infrarenal Aortic Diameter

A

2cm

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7
Q

When to consider AAA for repair

A

>4.5cm or growing >1cm per year

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8
Q

Follow up for AAA

A

If < 3cm require no further follow up
3-4cm = annual USS
4-5.4cm = 6 monthly USS
>5.5 cm = immediate referral for repair

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9
Q

Breast Screening

A

Three yearly screening to all females 50 - 70y

(Currently being extended 47 to 73y)

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10
Q

Hormonal Therapy in Breast Cancer

A

Oestrogen dependant in 70% of cases
Pre-menopausal: Tamoxifen for five years (Selective oestrogen receptor modulator)
Post-menopausal: Aromatase inhibitors (eg Anastrazole) - block peripheral conversion only

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11
Q

Branchial cyst location

A

Anterior Triangle

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12
Q

Cystic Hygroma Location

A

Posterior Traingle

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13
Q

CVP Trace

A

ACXVY
A - Atrial Contraction
C - Tricuspid closure
X - Atrial relaxation
V - Venous return
Y - Opening of tricuspid

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14
Q

Surface area for burns

A

Rule of nines - Head, Arms, half leg, half torso 9% Genitals 1%
Hand - Patient’s hand = ~1%

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15
Q

Parkland Formula

A

4 x wt x surface area
Half over 8 hours
Half over 16 hours
Note: timer starts from time of burn, not time of assessment - inc rate of resuscitation appropriately.

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16
Q

Mount Vernon Formula

A

(wt x surface area) / 2

Give over 4,4,4,6,6,12

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17
Q

Charcot’s traid

A

Fever, Jaundice and RUQ pain

(Suggests ascending cholangitits)

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18
Q

Indications for central line

A

Monitoring fluid balance / resuscitation
TPN
Certain medication infusions
Failed peripheral access
Haemodialysis
Transvenous cardiac pacing

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19
Q

Hartmann’s Contents

A

Na 131,

K 5,

Cl 111,

Ca 2,

Bicarb (as lactate) 29

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20
Q

Normal Saline Contents

A

Na 150,

Cl 150

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21
Q

Formula for MAP

Study These Flashcards
A

MAP = (CO x SVR) + CVP

22
Q

Distribution of body fluids

Study These Flashcards
A

1/3 Extra cellular
25% Intravascular
75% Interstitial
2/3 Inta-cellular

23
Q

ECG Axis

Study These Flashcards
A

Normal: -30deg to +90deg

Leads 1+2 both positive = Normal
Lead 1 positive, Lead 2/3 negative = Left axis deviation
Lead 1 negative = Right axis deviation

24
Q

Pain transmition pathway / fibres

Study These Flashcards
A

Sharp pain - A-delta fibres
Dull pain - C-fibres
Spinothalamic tract

25
Classification of blood loss
_Class % P BP RR UO Mental_ 1 \<15 \<100 Norm \<20 \>30ml Anxious 2 15-30 \<120 Wide PP \<30 \<30ml Anxious 3 30-40 \<140 Red. \<40 \<15ml Confused 4 40+ \>135 Red \>35 Nil Lethargic
26
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
ACTH TH LH FSH GH Prolactin
27
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Oxytoncin ADH
28
Parotid Gland Neoplasias
80% benign. (Pleomorphic adenoma (70%), Warthin’s tumor) 15% malignant. (Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma) - Facial nerve palsy suggests malignancy.
29
FAP + Gardner's Syndrome
FAP: Predisposes to hundreds of adenomatous polyps. Autosomal dominant, due to loss of APC gene. 100% risk GI Ca by 40y. Associated with small bowel polyps and mandibular osteomas. Gardner syndrome: Associated with FAP - Osteomas of skull, epidermoid cyst, multiple desmoid tumours
30
Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome
Multiple hamartomatous polyps, autosmal dominant
31
Stages of organ rejection
Hyper-acute Due to presence of recipient anti-bodies. Kidney swells and becomes necrotic, requires nephrectomy. Acute T-cell mediated diffuse lymphocytic infiltration. Reversible with high dose steroids Chronic Humoral system responsible for graft fibrosis and atrophy.
32
Testicular Ca
* Germ Cell Tumours * Seminoma * Non-Seminomatous * Teratoma * Embryonal Carcinoma * Choriocarcinoma * Yolk Sac Tumour * Mixed Germ Cell Tumour * Non Germ Cell
33
Seminoma
Peak Age - 30-40 Placental Alk Phos Radiotherapy effective (In effective for all non-seminomas) B-HCG and lactate for monitoring following treatment
34
Teratoma
Peak Age 20 - 30 markers: B-HCG, CEA, AFP (Also found in HCC)
35
Melanoma Margins
\<0.75mm = 1cm margin \< 1mm = 2cm \> 1mm = 3cm
36
Primary / Secondary / Tertiary healing
Primary healing Wound closed within hours of formation, usually with sutures or clips Secondary Healing Left open without formal closure - spontaneous closure via contraction and re-epithelialisation Tertiary Healing Initial debridement with normal closure at a later date.
37
Vaccines required post splenectomy
Pneumococcal H. Influenza B Meningococcal Flu
38
Duke's Staging (and 5yr survivals)
A - Confined to tumour wall (95 - 100%) B - Through bowel wall (65 - 75%) C - Lymph node Mets (30 - 40%) D - Distant mets (5 - 10%) Nb Modified: C1 = Upper LN not involved C2 = Upper LN is involved
39
TNM Staging
Tis - Mucosa T1 - Submucosa T2 - Muscularis T3 - Serosa T4 - Adjacent Organs N1 - \<=3 N2 - \> 3
40
Virchow's Triad
Abnormal blood flow Hypercoagulable state Endothelial Injury Causes of thrombus
41
MEN
I - Pancreatic (usually gastrinoma), Parathyroid (hyperplasia), Pituitary (usually prolactinoma) IIa - Phaeochromocytoma, Parathyroid adenoma, Medullary Thyroid Ca IIb - As IIa with Marfanoid features + Mucosal Neuromatosis
42
AFP Associations
Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Teratoma
43
CEA Associations
Colon, Teratoma
44
PSA Associations
Prostate
45
CA 125 Associations
Ovarian
46
CA 19-9 Associations
Pancreatic
47
B-HCG Associations
Teratoma
48
Placental Alk Phos Associations
Seminoma
49
Autograft
Graft from host eg skin grafting
50
Allograft
Transplant between two individuals who are not genetically identicle
51
Isograft
Transplant between genetically identicle individuals
52
Xenograft
Transplant between species

MRCS B (7 decks)

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