Essential Neuroscience

Question 1

BCI

Answer 1

Brain Computer Interface
-take a region of the brain involved with motor control, replicate movement for prosthesis and stimulate feedback for brain so people feel it

Question 2

tDCS

Answer 2

-Direct current stimulation of the brain
-Can treat neurological disorders

Question 3

Why should an OT care about neuroscience? (3)

Answer 3

1. NS is plastic and we shape optimal functioning and performance of NS
2. Technology is advancing
3. NS regulates all function

Question 4

Neuron

Answer 4

-Cell that does all processing, intergration
-Neurons communicate within a chain of neutrons

Question 5

Presynaptic Cell

Answer 5

The communicating cell

Question 6

Postsynaptic Cell

Answer 6

Information receiving cell

Question 7

Cell Body

Answer 7

-Where nucleus and DNA are located
-critical for the life of a cell

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Center of the cell body that contains DNA

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Appendage coming off a neuron
-the communicating branch between neurons
-transmits signal from cell body to a target (in brain or target tissue)

Question 10

Axon Hillock

Answer 10

Position between cell body and axon
-Decisions by the neuron are made here

Question 11

Dendrites

Answer 11

Appendage from cell body
-Recieve information from other cells
-Information travels from cell body to dendrite

Question 12

Axonal Collaterals

Answer 12

Axons are multi branched and go to different targets

Question 13

One axon hillock means how many axons?

Answer 13

One

Question 14

What gets produced at the axon hillock goes to all targets ___

Answer 14

Equally

Question 15

All targets from axonal collaterals will receive the same information? (T or F)

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Information in the nervous system travels in how many directions?

Answer 16

One

Question 17

What is the order of information travelling in the NS? (6 steps)

Answer 17

1. Dendrites receive information
2. Dendrites deliver information to cell body
3. Information is processed at the axon hillock
4. A decision is made at the axon hillock
5. Information travels down the axon
6. Information reaches the synapse of the target cell

Question 18

Signal strength does/does not vary across each axonal collateral?

Answer 18

Does not

Question 19

Is there a degredation of signal at each axonal collateral?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

It is possible to see variance at the synapse. (T or F)

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Does the number of axonal collatorals that you have (more/less) affect the signal impact?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Dendritic Spine

Answer 22

-Receives chemical signals (neurotransmitters) at the other end of a Synapse
-There are lots of them; they are very dense
-Specialized structure on the post-synaptic cell to receive and interpret chemicals

Question 23

Each “bump” on a dendrite represents what?

Answer 23

A synapse

Question 24

Synapse

Answer 24

-Formed between the cell body and dendrite
-The point of communication between cell A and cell B (presynaptic to post-synaptic)

Question 25

Synaptic Terminals

Answer 25

Forms the synapse

Question 26

Myelin Sheath

Answer 26

White blobs around an axon that increase the speed of signal/communication to travel faster

Question 27

Synaptic Buton

Answer 27

The synaptic terminal is swollen Machinery is held inside to communicate to next cell

Question 28

What is produced in the Synaptic Buton?

Answer 28

Energy

Question 29

Mitochondria

Answer 29

Produces cellular energy in the synaptic buton

Question 30

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 30

Button that holds neurotransmitter

Question 31

Neurotransmitter

Answer 31

Chemical released from presynaptic-synaptic terminal

Question 32

Synaptic Gap

Answer 32

The space between pre and post-synaptic cells

Question 33

Neurotransmitters diffuse across ___ and binds to ___

Answer 33

Synaptic gap Post-synaptic cell and dendritic spine

Question 34

Glia

Answer 34

Non-neural cells of the Nervous System

Question 35

Role of Glial cells within the CNS

Answer 35

Keep immune system out of the CNS; support cells are present

Question 36

Role of Glial cells within the PNS

Answer 36

Support cells also support other things (i.e. tissues)

Question 37

Myelinating Glia

Answer 37

-Ensheath axons with additional layers of cell membrane -Important in signal conduction (speeds up)

Question 38

What Glial Cells are in the CNS?

Answer 38

-Astrocytes -Oligodendrocytes -Microglia

Question 39

What Glial Cells are in the PNS?

Answer 39

-Schwann Cells

Question 40

Astrocyte

Answer 40

-Regulate the chemical content of extracellular space -Transmit chemicals to nourish cell -Provides sustenance for neurons -Removes waste to bloodstream -Makes sure there are correct chemicals and a balance -Envelopes synapses to protect the environment -A supporting role for neurons

Question 41

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 41

-Many arm cell -Provides myelin around axon -Wraps cell membrane around axon many times -Provides insulation for axon

Question 42

How many Oligodendrocyte cells myelinated how many neurons?

Answer 42

1 Oligodendrocyte : multiple neurons

Question 43

Microglia

Answer 43

-Phagocytic -Eat up dead material

Question 44

Schwann Cells

Answer 44

Myelinates axons in PNS

Question 45

How many Schwann Cells myelinated how many neurons?

Answer 45

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