Essential Terminology

Question 1

Hypertension
/ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃ(ə)n/
高血压

Answer 1

Definition :High blood pressure

Mnemonics: Hyper means high, tension relates to pressure.

Question 2

Bradycardia
/ˌbrædɪˈkɑːrdiə/
心率过慢

Answer 2

Definition: Slow heart rate

Mnemonics:
Brady sounds like ‘brake’, slowing down.

Question 3

Tachycardia
/ˌtækɪˈkɑːrdiə/
心率过快

Answer 3

Definition: Fast heart rate

Mnemonics: Tachy sounds like ‘taxi’, moving fast.

Question 4

Dyspnea
/dɪspˈniə/
呼吸困难

Answer 4

Definition: Difficulty breathing

Mnemonics:
Dys- means difficult, -pnea relates to breathing.

Question 5

Edema
/ɪˈdiːmə/
水肿

Answer 5

Definition: Swelling caused by fluid accumulation

Mnemonics: E for excess fluid causing swelling.

Question 6

Hematology
/ˌhiːməˈtɑːlədʒi/
血液学

Answer 6

Definition: Study of blood and blood disorders

Mnemonics: Hema- means blood, -ology means study.

Question 7

Cyanosis
/ˌsaɪəˈnoʊsɪs/
青紫

Answer 7

Definition:
Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen.

Mnemonic:
Cyan (blue) + osis (condition).

Cyan (blue) + osis (condition).

Question 8

Myocardial Infarction
/ˌmaɪoʊˈkɑːrdiəl/
心肌梗死

Answer 8

Definition: Heart attack.

Mnemonic:
Myo (muscle) + cardio (heart) + infarct (death).

Myo (muscle) + cardio (heart) + infarct (death).

Question 9

Arthroplasty
/,ɑ:θrəu’plæsti/
关节修复术

Answer 9

Definition:
Surgical repair or replacement of a joint.

Mnemonic:
Arthro (joint) + plasty (repair).

Arthro (joint) + plasty (repair).

Question 10

Laparoscopy
/ˌlæpəˈrɑːskəpi/
腹腔镜检查

Answer 10

Definition:
Minimally invasive surgery using a small incision and camera.

Mnemonic:
Laparo (abdomen) + scopy (to look).

Laparo (abdomen) + scopy (to look).

Question 11

Hemostasis
/ˌhiːmoʊˈsteɪsɪs/
止血法

Answer 11

Definition: Stopping of bleeding.

Mnemonic:
Hemo (blood) + stasis (stopping).

Hemo (blood) + stasis (stopping).

Question 12

Polydipsia
/ˌpɒlɪˈdɪpsɪə/
（医） 烦渴

Answer 12

Definition: Excessive thirst.

Mnemonic:
Poly (many) + dipsia (thirst).

Poly (many) + dipsia (thirst).

Question 13

Osteopenia
/ˌɒstɪəʊˈpiːnɪə/
骨质缺乏

Answer 13

Definition:
Lower than normal bone density.

Mnemonic:
Osteo (bone) + penia (deficiency).

Osteo (bone) + penia (deficiency).

Question 14

Nephrectomy
/nɪˈfrektəmi/
肾切除手术

Answer 14

Definition:
Surgical removal of a kidney.

Mnemonic:
Nephr (kidney) + ectomy (removal).

Nephr (kidney) + ectomy (removal).

Question 15

Hyperkalemia
/ˌhaɪpəkeˈlimiə/
血钾过高

Answer 15

Definition:
High potassium levels in the blood.

Mnemonic:
Hyper (high) + kal (potassium) + emia (blood condition).

Hyper (high) + kal (potassium) + emia (blood condition).

Question 16

Thrombocytopenia
/ˌθrɑːmboʊˌsaɪtəˈpiːnɪə/
血小板减少症

Answer 16

Definition: Low platelet count.

Mnemonic:
Thrombo (clot) + cyto (cell) + penia (deficiency).

Thrombo (clot) + cyto (cell) + penia (deficiency).

Question 17

Anaphylaxis
/ˌænəfɪˈlæksɪs/
过敏性反应

Answer 17

Definition:
Severe allergic reaction.

Mnemonic:
Ana (against) + phylaxis (protection).

Ana (against) + phylaxis (protection).

Question 18

Cardiomegaly
/ˌkɑːrdioʊˈmeɡəli/
心脏肥大

Answer 18

Definition:
Enlargement of the heart.

Mnemonic:
Cardio (heart) + megaly (enlargement).

Cardio (heart) + megaly (enlargement).

Question 19

Scleroderma
/ˌskleərəˈdɜːrmər/
硬皮病

Answer 19

Definition:
Chronic hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.

Mnemonic:
Sclero (hard) + derma (skin).

Details on its effects and symptoms can be found in medical literature.

Question 20

Endoscopy
/enˈdɑːskəpi/
内窥镜检查

Answer 20

Definition:
Procedure to look inside the body using a camera.

Mnemonic:
Endo (inside) + scopy (to look).