Establishing the New England and Middle Colonies Flashcards
English Religion
Protestant Groups Splinter
Anglican Church is considered protestant, as it rejects catholic church. Calvinists break off from Church of England. Idea of pre-destination and visible saints. Those who are elected are visible Saints and predestined to go to Heaven. You have puritans, who want to purify Church of England. Separatists/Pilgrims, want to separate from the Church of England ebcause it’s too corrupt
Plymouth 1620
Leaving England
Separatists didn’t recognize the king as the head of the church and face persecution, so pilgrims leave. They settle in holland 1608-19, but can’t find jobs and find that their culture is being erased by Holland life and head to the new world
Plymouth 1620
Virginia Company of London
Pilgrims head to Plymouth, funded by VCOL. They land in off course territory into unclaimed land. Rights of Englishmen, they need some governing body or scripture. Create Mayflower Compact agrees that they are going to follow majority rules.
Plymouth 1620
Not Successful
58/102 survive. They find Squanto, an English speaking Native. He agrees to help them because they are struggling with farming. Samoset and Squanto help them how to fish, fertilize and farm. Survive in the winter, and first Thanksgiving.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans persecuted by Charles I
Charles gives them a charter for their new government. Unlike Plymouth, they were well financed and well-equipt.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Great Migration 1630-42
Puritans come mostly as families, unlike Jamestown who were single guys. Transplanting their life, strong sense of community and democracy. Believe in “City Upon a Hill”, under John Winthrop, the perfect society.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Economy
Fishing and ship building. Had been farmers, but not a lot of farmable land. Hard work is the basis of the society “Yankee Ingenuity”, of being able to survive. Short fast rivers that can provide some power for manufacturing.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Dissent, Roger Willaims 1636 and Anne Hutchinson 1638
Don’t want dissent and kick out people who don’t want to live under puritan ideals. William criticizes their native policy, and challenges the governments ability to control them and challenges the church for the ability to control visible saints. He founds Rhode island. Anne Hutchinson 1638, is banished because she was accused of antinomianism and being hostile to the law. If the elect are already chosen, you don’t have to act to the law.
Rhode Island
For Dissenters
“Rogues Island”. Liberal colony and has freedom of religion. Doesn’t have a tax supported church, so nobody has to pay money to help the church. There was universal white male suffrage, even if you didn’t own any land.
Connecticut
Founders 1639
Fundamental Orders 1639, founded by Massachusetts puritans. These orders is the first true constitution of the country. Outlines democratically controlled government and allows citizens who owned the property to vote and be a member of the citizendry.
Middle Colonies -New Amsterdam 1623-24
Founded by Dutch West India Company
Goal is profit from fur trade. Very few freedoms. A lot of top down control. Patroonships were large tracks of land along the Hudson river, and there is an aristocratic feel who control everything under their land.
Middle Colonies- New Amsterdam 1623-24
The Fall and Duke of York
1664, Duke of York is sent to the colonies and takes over the city without violence. Re-named New York. Aristocratic feel continues.
Middle Colonies- Pennsylvania
William Penn, 1681
Penn is a Quaker. They wanted to make money. Quakers facing persecution, and were non-violent. Didn’t have a clergy in the church, and it was a threat to Charles I. Wouldn’t pay taxes to support the church, and went against the king. Wouldn’t swear oaths.
Middle Colonies- Pennsylvania
Liberal Colony
No official tax supported church unlike Puritans church and Anglican church are both tax supported. Fair treatment with the natives with sharing lands. Religious freedom to all, even if you were a jew or catholic, but you couldn’t vote or hold office. No clergy, so anybody, even women, could be leading services. Have representative assembly. Suffrage for all white Protestant, land only men.
Middle Colonies- Pennsylvania
Large Migration
Advertisement to Germany, Scots-Irish. These groups coming over in large groups because they have a lot of fertile land that needs to be worked. Good growing climate. New England are making a lot of the food for the colonies, growing staple crops for food. Coming for liberal government.
