Establishing the "Tudor Dynasty" Flashcards
(8 cards)
As early as the start of his reign, which ways did Henry attempt to consolidate his power ? (7)
How do these help him in consolidating control ?
-Changed the date of his reign
-Date of the coronation
-Acts of Attainder
-Bonds and Recognisances
-Tonnage and Poundage
-His marriage to Elizabeth of York
-Birth of a son, Arthur
Henry changee the date of his reign to the day before the Battle of Bosworth, which meant he could declare anyone who fought against him treasonous, giving him legal control over the Yorkist threat. Simularly, his coronation took place before his first meeting with Parliament, which meant his reign was considered legitimate, by parliament, giving him more control amogst the nobility and upper classes present in parliament. Both the Acts of Attainder and Bonds and Recognisances worked in simular ways, aiming to control the powerful nobility, allowing him to find his opposition guilty of treason without a trial, and Bonds and Recognisances paired with this, by ensuring good behaviour, or a fine, through a bond (contract), with the King. Also Tonnage and Poundage, consolidated Henrys power financially, using taxes on imports/exports, to increase Royal finances without Parliaentary dependancy. Finally the marriage to Elizabeth, and the creation of the Tudor rose, which decreased the Yorkist threat, and the bith of Arthur secured power, through the certainty of a male heir to the throne.
Which factors influenced the threat of pretenders during Henrys reign ?
Why are these significant ?
-Henry’s own position was extremely insecure
-Yorkists wanted the Lancastrians off the throne
-Henry seized power in battle which could be seen as invalid
-Henry’s claim to the throne was weak
-Disappearance of the “princes in the tower”
Henrys positon was extremely insecure, due to the fact, the throne was constantly changing between the Lancastrians and the Yorkists throughout the War of the Roses, and the resentment between the two parties was still prevelent, so once again the Yorkist loyalists strived to have Henry overthrown - and pretenders striving to gain the throne for themselves were likely to use the backing available by the Yorkists. Also the fact Henry took to the throne through battle is significant as this meant Henry was labelled as a “usurper”, ultimately weakening his security on the throne, and this is coupled with the fact Henrys own claim to the throne was weak, with other figures such as the Earl of Warwick possessing a stronger claim, which is significant, as ideally the individual with the strongest claim should be king ? Also the disappernce of the princes in the tower, who both had a stronger claim than Henry was significant, as this allowed pretenders to imitate, a very significant and potentially powerful opponent Henrys reign.
Who were the pretenders to the throne during Henrys reign ?
-Vicount Lovell and the Staffords
-Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln
-Perkin Warbeck
-The Earl of Warwick
-Edmund de la Pole and Richard de la Pole
How did Lovell and the Staffords attempt to rebel against Henry VIIs reign ?
Why did this fail ?
What was the outcome ?
As they were supporters of Richard III they tried to raise Yorkist forces against Henry in the heartlands of Richard’s support, and carrying out a small rebellion in 1586.
-A lack of support
-Lack of military strength
-Harsh and rapid response by Henry
-Henry VII responsed swifty which, forced Lovell to flee to Flanders and joined Margerets court in Burgundy, while the Stafford brothers were captured (Humphrey Stafford was executed, but Thomas Stafford was pardoned).
How did Simnel and Lincoln, attempt to rebel against Henry VIIs reign ?
Why did this fail ?
What was the outcome ?
Although Lincoln had a legitmate claim (nephew of Richard III), he used Simnel as a tool, using a priest named Richard Symonds to train Simnel to impersonate the imprisoned Earl of Warwick. A rebellion followed due to Yorkist support, eventually leading to the Battle of Stokefield (1487).
-Henry presented the real Earl of Warwick in public
-Lack of military strength
-Lack of domestic support
-Lincoln was killed in the Battle of Stoke Field (1487), and the rebellion was quashed by Henrys forces confidently. Henry dealt with the rebels leniently, to avoid further Yorkist backlash, and Simnel himself was given a job in the royal household, as Henry recognised he was used as a pawn.
How did Perkin Warbeck attempt to rebel against Henry VIIs reign ?
Why did this fail ?
What was the outcome ?
-He claimed to be Richard, Duke of York (one of the princes in the tower), and due to his claim, he succeded in attracting support from Ireland, France, Burgundy and Scotland from the years 1491-1499.
-His initial failed invasion took place in 1495
-Carried out another small invasion over Scottish border in 1496
-Tried to exploit Cornish Rebellion in 1497
-Despite foreign support, his support domestically was ineffective and the only real domestic threat he posed was in the Cornish Rebellion, which was not dynastic anyway, and was purely oppostion to taxation.His significance was purely down to foreign support and persistence.
-In the end, Warbeck surrendered to the King and was executed in 1499, after “supposedly” admitting he was not Warwick and was instead from Flanders.
How did the Earl of Warwick himself attempt to rebel against Henry VIIs reign ?
What was the outcome ?
-He didn’t
Due to his dynastic threat he ws placed in the tower at aged 10, and was an innocent party in the plots which used his name (Perkin Warbeck),
Despite the fact he was imprisoned throughout the events, he was executed alongside Perkin Warbeck in 1499.
How did Edmund and Richard de la Pole attempt to rebel against Henry VIIs reign ?
Why did this fail ?
What was the outcome ?
-Edmund had a strong Yorkist lineage and a strong claim, but only became discontent with Henry when he refused to restore his full ducal title.
-In 1499, he fled to France and again in 1501 to the Holy Roman Empire, to seek support for his cause from Maximillian.
-Richard continued Yorkist opposition after Edmund’s capture as he sought support from France and was recognized as the rightfull Yorkist claimant by King Louis XII. Richard remained in exile, gathering support for an invasion of England.
-Failure to secure domestic support
-Dependance on foreign aid
-Secure dynasty by the time they attempted
-While Edmund was hiding in Burgundy, Philip of Burgundy was forced to land in England due to storms, and Henry VII persuaded him to hand over Edmund on the condition that his life would be spared, so Edmund was imprisoned in the Tower of London until Henry VIII executed him in 1513.
-Richard de la Pole, was killed at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 while fighting for France against the Holy Roman Empire.
