Estim

Question 1

What are the 3 types of current

Answer 1

Pulse tile , AC, direct

Question 2

What is pulsitile current

Answer 2

TENS, HVPC, FES, NMES,

Question 3

What is AC current

Answer 3

IFC, Premodulated, Russian

Question 4

What is pps

Answer 4

Pulses per second . High pps is more comfortable. Low pps is noxious

Question 5

What is pulse duration

Answer 5

Wide duration is more uncomfortable,

Question 6

Mono vs biphasic pulses

Answer 6

Monophasic is unidirectional, doesn’t change directions. Has predictable polarity for HVPC. negative is cathode. Positive is anode.
Biphasic is the norm for pulsitile. Can be asymmetric balanced (net charge is 0) or unbalance (not zero).the unbalanced is how your could get a charge but since it’s such a short time it wouldn’t be noticed.

Question 7

What pps do we usually need to get muscle contraction

Answer 7

35-50 pps

Question 8

If using ionto and the drug is negative, what charge do you use

Answer 8

Negative (cathode)

Question 9

When would you use monophasic pulsitile

Answer 9

Open wounds, deem, and spasm. HVPC

Question 10

When would you use biphasic pulsitile

Answer 10

Pain relief, mm contraction

Question 11

What is micro current

Answer 11

Can never exceed 1mA, 1000 times less current than TENS. Promotes healing cutaneous wounds

Question 12

What is alternating current

Answer 12

Continuous bidirectional flow of charged particles, equal ion flow in each direction, ( so no polarity). Burst modulated (Russian) is most common

Question 13

What is IFC

Answer 13

Low frequency that results from crossing two or more mediums. They intersect and produce a higher amplitude when both are in the same phase and lower current when In opposite directions

Question 14

What is the Beat frequency

Answer 14

Difference In frequency 4100-4000 is 100.

Question 15

What is sweep vs scan IFC

Answer 15

Sweep varies the width of the leaves. Allows use of low and high frequency at the same time. Minimal evidence
Scan is for Intensity. Rotates and scans the cloverleaf, circular shaped field. Makes it feel like they are moving

Question 16

What is Russian current

Answer 16

BURST modulated ac. Has 10 ms polyphasic waveform and interburst interval of 10 ms. We would use this on someone grade 4 or above. (Pulsed biphasic is good for lower grades)

Question 17

What is iontophoreis

Answer 17

Increases permeability across skin. Used for small areas.

Question 18

What is amplitude

Answer 18

Same as intensity. Noted as amps or voltage. Measured by PATIENT response. Subsensory, sensory, motor , or noxious

Question 19

What are leads

Answer 19

What’s attached to The red and the black (electrodes) There MUST be two leads per channel

Question 20

If a box has polarity what kind is it

Answer 20

HVPC

Question 21

If a box has scan sweep beat

Answer 21

IFC

Question 22

If there are pulse duration knobs

Answer 22

TENS

Question 23

How does flow travel via action potential vs estim

Answer 23

AP is only in one direction, estim can travel in both (however, only has an effect in the physic illogical direction normal AP direction

Question 24

What amplitude needed for nerve depolarize

Answer 24

Sensory is Less than 80 ms. Motor is 150-350 me. >1ms depolarize C fibers (noxious)

Question 25

How does estim activate muscle fibers

Answer 25

Largest axonal diameter first then smaller. It normal physiology is opposite

Question 26

What are the clinical applications of estim

Answer 26

Increase muscle endurance, sub luxe shoulder, spasticity, urinary incontinence improvements,

Question 27

Small vs large muscle duration

Answer 27

Short 150-200 for small. 200-350 for larger

Question 28

Why would we never exceed 80 pps for muscle strengthening

Answer 28

Because of fatigue

Question 29

How should you ramp for spasticity

Answer 29

Longer ramp time like 4-8 seconds do you don’t get more tone

Question 30

When would you use positive and negative electrode for tissue healing

Answer 30

Negative if acute or inflamed to start the tissue healing process.Positive if necrosis without inflammation and if wound is in proliferation

Question 31

How should you clean carbon electrodes

Answer 31

Warm soapy waiter. NOT alcohol

Question 32

What kind of gel do we use for estim

Answer 32

Electro therapy gel. It is ion rich unlike ultrasound gel

Question 33

How should You place electrodes for deeper current

Answer 33

The farther apart the deeper goes

Question 34

Why are larger electrodes more comfortable

Answer 34

Because the density is more spread out

Question 35

What do you do for a demon from lack of motion

Answer 35

Use muscle contraction such as NMES

Question 36

What are the contraindications for electrotherapy

Answer 36

Pacemaker placing electrodes over the carotid sinus insulin pumps thrombophlebitis pregnancy within 15 feet of diathermy machine

Question 37

What are current specific contraindications

Answer 37

HVPC over heavy scarring that adipose tissue extreme Adema osteomyelitis .for NMES when muscle contractions contraindicated . Iontophoresis damage your open skin lesions sensitivity to allergies impaired sensation

Question 38

What are the precautions for electrotherapy

Answer 38

Cardiac disease impaired cognition impaired sensation malignant tumor’s obesity before and after other physical agents

Question 39

What is the pulse duration for acute pain tens

Answer 39

50 to 80 µs

Question 40

What is the pulse duration for chronic pain tense

Answer 40

100 to 300 µs

Question 41

What is the poster ration for muscle strengthening using a pulse by phasic machine

Answer 41

150 to 200

Question 42

What is the pulse duration for muscle contractions reeducation with the biphasic

Answer 42

150 to 350

Question 43

What is the posterior ration for muscle contractions muscle spasms with biphasic

Answer 43

150 to 350

Question 44

What is the pulse duration for biphasic chronic edema using muscle pumping

Answer 44

150 to 350

Question 45

What is the pulse duration for Russian stem using muscle pumping for chronic edema

Answer 45

50 Hz

Question 46

What is the pulse duration for using HVPC for edema due to inflammation

Answer 46

Fixed from 40 to 100

Question 47

What is the pulse duration for a pulse biphasic for edema for lack of motion

Answer 47

150 to 350

Question 48

What is the pulse duration for tissue healing using HVPC

Answer 48

Fixed from 40 to 100

Question 49

What is the pulse duration or dose for iontophoresis

Answer 49

40–80 mA times minute

Question 50

What is the frequency for acute pain tens

Answer 50

100 to 150 pulses per second

Question 51

What is the frequency for chronic pain tens

Answer 51

2 to 10 pulses per second

Question 52

What is the frequency for Russian the stem for muscle strengthening

Answer 52

50 Hz

Question 53

What is the frequency for post biphasic for muscle strengthening

Answer 53

35 to 80 pulses per second

Question 54

What is the frequency for pulsed biphasic for muscle reeducation

Answer 54

35 to 50 pulses per second

Question 55

What is the frequency for pulsed biphasic for muscle spasms

Answer 55

35 to 50 pulses per second

Question 56

What is the frequency for pulsed biphasic for chronic edema

Answer 56

35 to 50 pulses per second

Question 57

What is the frequency for HVPC see for edema due to inflammation

Answer 57

100 to 120 pulses per second

Question 58

What is the frequency for pulsed biphasic edema from lack of motion

Answer 58

35 to 50 pulses per second

Question 59

What is the frequency for tissue healing using HVPC

Answer 59

60 to 125 pulses per second

Question 60

What is the amplitude for iontophoresis

Answer 60

0.1 to 4mA

Question 61

What is the amplitude for acute pain tens

Answer 61

Tingling

Question 62

What is the amplitude for chronic pain tens

Answer 62

Visible contraction

Question 63

What is the amplitude for muscle strengthening

Answer 63

Contraction

Question 64

What is the amplitude 4HVPC due to Adema

Answer 64

Tingling