ET22: sustainability and chemicals from plants and drug testing Flashcards
(7 cards)
Give four reasons why a contemporary drug testing protocol is an improvement on the trial used by William Withering
- double blind trials
- new drug testing involves testing on cells and animals before patients
- pure drug used rather than an extract
- wider range of people are tested
Describe how a safe dose of the cancer drug could be determined? (3 marks)
- conduct trials on healthy volunteers
- then conduct double blind trials on cancer patients
- gradually increase the dose to determine no side effects
Describe how clinical trials for a vaccine would be conducted (3 marks)
- test on a small group of healthy volunteers for side effects
- groups of people at risk of contracting the disease are given the vaccine
- number of people who develop viral disease are monitored
The Ebola vaccine was given to health workers and the immediate family of those with the disease
Justify the use of this vaccine, even though the clinical trials had not been completed (4 marks)
- The effects of ebola can be more harmful than any potential side effects
- health workers are in close contact with those who have the disease
– large number of people die from the disease - vaccinating immediate family will reduce the spread of the disease
Give two functions of the golgi apparatus
- processes and packages proteins to send to vesicles
- forms vesicles
A three phase protocol will be used when developing the phospholipid inhibitor as a new drug
Explain the purpose of each phase of this protocol for a phospholipase inhibitor (3 marks)
- phase 1: to make sure the phospholipase inhibitor is not harmful
- phase 2: to see if it is effective interacting with the condition
- phase 3: gather data for side effects
Explain why the production of fibres from nettles is more sustainable than fibres produced from crude oil (3 marks)
- Nettles are renewable
- crude oil non renewable
- will be available for future generations
