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CHEM 352 Exam 2 > ETC > Flashcards

ETC Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

complex 1

A

NADH dehydrogenase

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2
Q

what molecule brings e- to the complex in complex I

A

NADH

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3
Q

what molecule in the complex accepts the electrons in NADH DH

A

FMN

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4
Q

which two complexes move e- through NADH DH

A

2Fe-2S & 4Fe-4S

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5
Q

how many e- are moved at a time through NADH DH

A

2e-

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6
Q

what is the final e- acceptor for complex I

A

Q

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7
Q

how many H+ are transported across the membrane via NADH DH

A

4

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8
Q

what inhibits complex I

A

rotenone

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9
Q

complex II

A

succinate DH

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10
Q

what molecule accepts e- in succinate DH

A

FAD

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11
Q

what accepts e- after transport through succinate DH

A

Q

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12
Q

what inhibits the formation of Q

A

statin

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13
Q

how many H+ are transported across the membrane via succinate DH

A

0

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14
Q

complex III

A

cytochrome bc (cytc reductase)

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15
Q

what is the e- source for cytochrome bc

A

QH2

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16
Q

how many e- flow through cytochrome bc at a time

A

1 e- per pathway

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17
Q

where does the first e- from QH2 travel in cytochrome bc

A

Rieske Fe/S complex, CytC1, CytC shuttle

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18
Q

where does the second e- from QH2 travel in cytochrome bc

A

CytbL, CytbH, Q (or seiquinone), QH2 diffuses into inner membrane (Q recycling)

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19
Q

what inhibits cytochrome bc

A

antimycin

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20
Q

where does QH2 bind on cytochrom bc

A

at the Q0 binding site (specific for QH2)

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21
Q

where does Q bind in cytochrome bc

Study These Flashcards
A

Q1 binding site (specific for Q and semiquinone, releases QH2)

22
Q

how many H+ does cytochrom bc move through the membrane

Study These Flashcards
A

4 (2 per QH2)

23
Q

how many QH2 molecules deliver e- to cytochrome bc

24
Q

complex IV

25
what delivers e- to complex IV
CytC shuttle
26
how many e- are moved at a time through CytC oxidase
1
27
how do e- move through CytC oxidase
CytC shuttle, CuA/CuA, Cyta, Cytca3-CuB, O2
28
what is the final e- acceptor of the ETC
O2
29
what inhibits CytC oxidase
CN-, azide, CO
30
how many H+ are moved through the membrane via CytC oxidase
2
31
what is the goal of ETC complexes I-IV
to create a proton gradient that allows for ATP synthesis via ATP synthase
32
how many total H+ are moved into the intermembrane space via complexes I-IV
10
33
what inhibits ATP synthase
oligomycin
34
what is oxidative phosphorylation
process by which NADH and QH2 are oxidized to form ATP
35
what is the chemiosmotic theory
the proton gradient is the driving force behind ATP synthesis
36
what is an uncoupler/does an uncoupler do
- stimulates the oxidation of substrates in the absence of ADP - lipid soluble weak acid - deplete the proton gradient by transporting protons across the membrane - ex: 2,4 dinitrophenol
37
what is the protonmotive force (delta p)
the energy of the proton concentration gradient
38
what is the equation for protonmotive force
chemical contribution: deltaG = -2.302nRT (delta pH) electrical contribution: deltaG = nFpsi total force: deltaG = nFdelta p
39
what is a standard reduction potential
the amount of energy require to convert a molecule in its oxidized state to its reduced state
40
how to calculate the standard reduction potential of a reaction
1. write out half rxns for all reductions and oxidations 2. flip the sign for all oxidative rxns 3. add all reduction potentials
41
which cofactor donates 2e- at a time
NADH
42
which coenzymes donate 1e- at a time
flavins (FMN and FAD)
43
what forms the rotor of ATP synthase
c - ε - γ
44
which domain has the ADP + Pi binding site and converts ADP to ATP
beta subunits
45
how are ATP and ADP moved in/out of the mitochondria
ATP is moved into the cytosol and ADP is moved into the matrix via an antiporter
46
how are H+ and Pi- moved into the matrix
a symporter
47
what is the P:O ratio
P:O ratio = molecules of ADP phosphorylated/ atoms of oxygen reduced ex: NADH 10H+ translocated/ 4H+ required for ATP synthesis (2Ox2e-) = 2.5 ATP/O
48
how many H+ are transported for each ATP synthesized by ATP synthase
4 (3 required by ATP synthase for every 1ATP made and 1 for transport of Pi, ADP, and ATP)
49
what are the two ways NADH is moved into the mitochondrial matrix
1) glycerol phosphate shuttle (common in insect flight muscles) 2) malate-aspartate shuttle (predominant in liver/mammalian tissues)
50
how does the glycerol phosphate shuttle work
NADH (cytosol) -> glycerol 3 P -> FADH2 (in G3PDH complex) -> Q (inner mitochondrial membrane)
51
how does the malate-aspartate shuttle work
oxaloacetate -NADH-> malate (diffuses into matrix) -> malate (generates NADH) -> oxaloacetate -> aspartate (diffuses out of matrix) -> oxaloacetate (via transaminase)

CHEM 352 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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