ETC

Question 1

Where are the places that Acetyl CoA can come from

Answer 1

Glycolysis, FA Beta Oxidation, and amino acid breakdown

Question 2

What is the name of complex I of ETC

Answer 2

NADH: CoQ oxidoreductase

Question 3

After going through complex I, where are the electrons passed to

Answer 3

CoQ

Question 4

Where is CoQ oxidized

Answer 4

Complex III

Question 5

What is the name of Complex III

Answer 5

Cytochrome b-c1 Complex

Question 6

Where do electrons flow after Complex III

Answer 6

Cytochrome C

Question 7

What is the name of Complex IV

Answer 7

Cytochrome oxidase

Question 8

O2 is reduced by _____ electrons at cytochrome oxidase to make H2O

Answer 8

4

Question 9

An example of an energy uncoupler

Answer 9

DNP, brown fat

Question 10

O2- is also known as a

Answer 10

Superoxide anion

Question 11

-OH is also known as a

Answer 11

Hydroxyl radical

Question 12

T/F oxyradical formation sometimes occurs at complex IV

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Where does most ROS leaked

Answer 13

Complex I or complex III

Question 14

Which form of oxygen radical is the most dangerous

Answer 14

Hydroxyl radical

Question 15

Rotenone is an inhibitor of what complex

Answer 15

Complex I

Question 16

T/F Copper is more reactive than Iron

Answer 16

True (Haber-Weiss)

Question 17

T/F NADPH is a major cellular reducing agent

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Where is NADPH found

Answer 18

The cytosol

Question 19

Where is NOX I and NOX 2 found

Answer 19

NOX I on plasma membrane

NOX 2 on phagosome membrane

Question 20

T/F your neutrophils make Clorox

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Which NOX complex is associated with MPO

Answer 21

NOX2

Question 22

What does MPO do?

Answer 22

Makes bleach from H2O2 and Cl-

Question 23

What is a granuloma

Answer 23

Inflammatory response when the body walls off substances it perceives as foreign but is unable to eliminate

Question 24

What is NO normally involved in

Answer 24

Vasorelaxation

Question 25

Explain the mechanism of action of muscle relaxation

Answer 25

Acetylcholine binds to receptor -> IP3 -> Calcium -> Calmodulin -> NO synthase -> NO -> Guanylyl cyclase -> cyclic gMP -> Protein kinase G -> relaxation

Question 26

What degrades cyclic GMP

Answer 26

Phosphodiesterase, viagra inhibits this

Question 27

What would use peroxynitrite?

Answer 27

Macrophage

Question 28

What is most prone to free radical induced attack

Answer 28

Poly unsaturated lipids

Question 29

What AA bind HNE

Answer 29

Cysteine Histidine Lysine

Question 30

What reacts with ROOH Orr RSSR to consume peroxide’s

Answer 30

GSH

Question 31

What is an example of a direct radical scavenger

Answer 31

Vitamin E

Question 32

What does superoxide dismutase do

Answer 32

Accelerate the formation of H2O2 from Oxygen radicals

Question 33

What does vitamin E do

Answer 33

Stabilizes free radicals

Question 34

T/F taking vitamin E can help your health

Answer 34

False

Question 35

High homocysteine is associated with an increased risk of

Answer 35

Dementia

Question 36

How can you reduce homocysteine levels

Answer 36

Increase vitamin B12 intake

Question 37

What does NRF2/Keap 1 doe

Answer 37

Regulate antioxidants and detoxifying agents

Question 38

What are the major reducing agents

Answer 38

NADH, NADPH, GSH