Ethan Elsworth Flashcards
Pass Quant Test (26 cards)
Conventional Levels of Significance
.05 or .01 (statistically significant)
Comparison Distribution
Distribution used in Hypothesis Testing, Represents the population situation if the (Null) is true. Compare scores based on your sample’s results.
Directional Hypothesis
Research hypothesis predicting a particular direction of differences between populations.
Non-Directional Hypothesis
Research Hypothesis that does not predict a particular direction between populations.
Two-Tailed Tests
Hypothesis testing procedure for non-directional hypothesis. Null Hypothesis would be rejected and is divided between two sides.
One-Tailed Test
Hypothesis testing procedure for directional hypothesis. Null Hypothesis would be rejected and is all on one side of the normal distribution.
Population Parameters
Mean, Variance, SD, usually unknown, can be estimated by information in samples
Inferential Statistics
Procedure for drawing conclusions based on the scores selected in the research study, but going beyond them.
Population
Entire group of people or scores.
Long-Run Relative Frequency
Understanding of probability as the proportion of an outcome that you would get if the experiment was repeated many times.
Sample
Scores of a particular group (within a population) studied.
Cut-Off
The point on the comparison distribution at which, if reached or exceeded by the sample score you reject the null hypothesis.
Confidence Intervals
The region of scores that is likley to include the true population mean.
Interval Estimates
The range of possible values of the mean of population.
Point Value
A single value of a population parameter of an unknown score. “Best single value guess for a parameter”
Distribution of Means
Distribution of means of samples of a given size from a particular population.
Type 1 Error
Rejecting the Null Hypothesis when it is true, Research hypothesis is not true.
Type 2 Error
Failing to reject the Null Hypothesis when it is false, Research Hypothesis is true.
Decision Error
Incorrect conclusion in hypothesis testing, or making the mistake of deciding the Null hypothesis is false when it is true.
Theory
A set of principles that attempt to explain one or more facts, relationships, or events.
Hypothesis
A prediction, often based on observation, previous research or theory that is tested in a research study.
Hypothesis Testing
Procedure for deciding whether the outcome of a study supports a particular theory or practical innovation.
Probability
Expected relative frequency of a particular outcome.
Expected Relative Frequency
Number of successful outcomes divided by the number of total outcome you would “expect” to get.
