Ethical Issues in healthcare research Flashcards
(29 cards)
How do you approach making it easier for patients to tell you private and intimate details in the practice setting
Allow ample amount of time
ensure patient is in a private area
guarantee patient confidentiality anonymity in paper
What barriers exist to gaining a full and frank insight into thoughts and feelings of the patients where you work?
Interviewer Bias
The presence of other people and inability to provide privacy
Issues of time
Use of professional language
Power relationships
Why is ethical approval needed?
To ensure the protection of both the Researcher and the participants
To assess adherence to ethical standards
Define the ethical principle of beneficence?
Principle of conveying benefit (to do good)
Define the ethical principle of non-maleficence?
principle of protecting individuals (to do no harm)
Define the ethical principle of autonomy?
the right to self-determination, respect, dignity and informed consent
Define the ethical principle of justice?
the right to fair treament and to privacy and confidentiality which uphold fairness
List examples of beneficent acts
care
compassion
empathy
sympathy
altruism
kindness
What training must the reaseacher have before udertaking ethical research?
the reseaercher must be trained and qualified in the particular research method
Must have GCP (either CTIMPS or Non-CTIMPS training a.k.a Good Clinical Practice
What is CTIMPS and Non-CITIMPS?
Both are training pathways within the NHS GCP training scheme.
CTIMPS (clinical trials an investigation of medical product) which usually for RCTs, quantitative research investigating treaments drugs etc.
Non-CTIMPS
What is CTIMPS and Non-CITIMPS?
Both are training pathways within the NHS GCP training scheme.
CTIMPS (clinical trials an investigation of medical product) which usually for RCTs, quantitative research investigating treaments drugs etc.
Non-CTIMPS usualy for qualittatitive studies or basic quantitative studies involving surveys
What code of ethics must a researcher adhere to?
nuremberg code
decleration of helsinski
What are the nuremberg code’s ethical guideline for research?
Voluntary consent is essential
The results of any experiment must be for the greater good of society
Human experiments should be based on previous animal experimentation
Experiments should be conducted by avoiding physical/mental suffering and injury
No experiments should be conducted if it is believed to cause death/disability
The risks should never exceed the benefits
Adequate facilities should be used to protect subjects
Experiments should be conducted only by qualified scientists
Subjects should be able to end their participation at any time
The scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment when injury, disability, or death is likely to occur
How many ethical considerations are there in the nuremberg code?
10
What is the nuremberg code?
a series of principles for researches to protect human subjects from enduring cruelty harm etc
What is the nuremberg code?
a series of principles for researches to protect human subjects from enduring cruelty harm suffering etc
List 6 groups which may be counted as vulnerable in terms of ethical research?
young children
elderly
mentally incapacitated patients
psychiatric patients
mentally ill patients
terminally ill patients
learning disables
embryo and foetuses
Can researchers give their own practical guidance or help id the participants ask for it
No this against code of ethics.
Researcher should instead prepare a list of bodies or organisation in case the participant is in need of it during the study.
What is the decleration of hesinski?
a series of ethical principles for researchers to adhere to for medical research involving human subjects, identifiable human material and data
When was the decleration of hesinski last reviewed?
last reviewed in 2013
What is a research participant?
individuals who volunteer or are volunteered to take part in research
What is agency?
agency is a form of participation which also gives the participants an active decision making role. partcipants have a moure autonomous role.
How many factors make up Hart’s ladder of partcipation?
8
What factor in Hart’s Ladder of partcipation gives participants the most agency?
partcipant-initiated shared decisions with researcher
